Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are valuable solutions for healthcare lifestyle monitoring applications which allow the continuous screening of health data and constant access to patients despite their current locality or activity, with a fraction of the cost of regular face-to-face examination. In such environments, entities are equipped with intelligence-embedded devices to collect data for providing pervasive information. WBANs can serve as passing reference for huge audience instance systems for architects, practitioners, developers, medical engineers, etc. In particular for the medical field, devices fixed inside the human body measure and transfer real-time data to the caregiver through the communication network. Many technologies have showed their efficiency in secondary WBANs application such as biofeedback, remote sensing, and QoS requirement. This chapter highlights the major applications, design, and security of WBAN.

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In this modern era, Unlicensed Long-Term Evolution (U-LTE) is the most interested research area to enable its access in 5GHz ISM unlicensed band for increasing data rate and spectral efficiency. The major constraint for accessing these frequencies is being able to coexist with other Wi-Fi/IoT users. Such constraint has been tackled by developing Wi-Fi/IoT by using Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) with two objectives such as deploying the Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) regulatory requirement of radio communication in U-LTE and enhancing their co-existence with Wi-Fi/IoT users in a non-interference manner. However, uplink data transmission was not considered in the unlicensed spectrum usage and also the spectrum efficiency was less. Hence, in this paper, the co-occurrence between LTE and Wi-Fi/IoT using CRN is further enhanced and realized. Initially, the co-occurrence between LTE and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed spectrum is enhanced by proposing efficient spectrum utilization based on Conflict-Tolerant Channel Allocation (CTCA) algorithm that reduces the channel inconsistencies efficiently. Moreover, this algorithm is enhanced to increase the spectrum efficiency and simultaneous transmissions in the similar channel based on an enhanced Cell ON/OFF mechanism which optimizes the resource allocation. Finally, the simulation results show that the performance efficiency of the proposed system compared to the existing in terms of spectrum efficiency, throughput and transmission time delay

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