Mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic transmissions are used in transmissions of agricultural transport technology machines. Depending on the design tasks, the considered transmissions have different kinematic schemes, parameters and design solutions. At the same time, the number of possible options can be quite large; therefore, the determination of the preferred option is, as a rule, a multi-criteria task and often leads to a palliative or compromise choice. The main problem of their development is the adaptability of the design of the actuator to the requirements of the technological (working) process associated with the constant change in the state of the technological object. This paper presents the rationale for developing a theory of kinematic chains of positive orders (adaptive kinematic chains), creating a theory of the structure of adaptive kinematic and adaptive mechanisms in general, methods for static and dynamic analysis of adaptive mechanisms, as well as methods for calculating their basic parameters.

Currently, agricultural machinery is characterized by low technical level and high wear. The tractor fleet is basically based on outdated machines that do not meet modern requirements for the consumption of operating (fuel and oil) and construction materials, reliability, environmental impact (water and air basins, soil, the content of harmful impurities in exhaust gases), working conditions and level of automation and other indicators. The wide use of combined harvesters shows significant shortcomings typical of currently produced combine harvesters. Extremely high concentration of operations in one machine, typical of modern self-propelled combines, with high productivity, severe restrictions on harvesting, loss and damage to grain, with high requirements for durability and reliability leads to an increase in machine weight. As a result, there are problems to increase its cost, soil compaction during harvesting, reducing crop yields, and highly qualified personnel for operation, maintenance and repair. The article analyzes the trends of further development of agricultural machinery, based on the solutions proposed in the Russian-Belarusian patents, aimed at solving these problems.

The article discusses the process of the occurrence of energy circulation arising in planetary gearboxes of wheeled and tracked transport vehicles for agricultural purposes. The high efficiency of the planetary gear in the absence of circulating energy in it is predetermined by the correct choice of its kinematic scheme and the use of friction elements for gear shifting, which will allow changing gears while the machine is moving without interrupting the power flow supplied to the driving wheels. The analysis of the work carried out in the study of transmissions of modern transport wheeled and tracked vehicles shows that in the absolute majority of them the already mentioned circulating energy arises during operation. This indicates the importance of the problem and the need, firstly, to analyse it, and secondly, to identify ways to improve and find optimal technical solutions in the field of planetary gearboxes, which will improve the technical and economic performance of the transmission and the machine as a whole. Therefore, at present, the question of the advisability of a more thorough study of the study of such programs has become very relevant.

An important issue in the creation of transport technological energy means for agricultural purposes at the stage of research and development is the statement of the problem taking into account the technology of cultivation of the Corresponding crop. What are the main provisions for choosing the concept of this type of equipment and what you need to pay attention to when designing them for specific conditions. The article presents the results of experimental studies, pilot industrial and production tests of various machines and assemblies with structurally adaptive mechanisms. The analysis showed that their application provides a wide range of regulation and self-regulation of the unit operating modes, increased reliability and performance, simplicity of design and ease of use, which confirms the feasibility of their use in agricultural production.

This article is devoted to the logical expansion of the synthesis of structural diagrams of adaptive torque distributors as applied to agricultural transport and technological machines. The analysis of works in the field of design of complex mechanisms of transmissions of various transport and transporttechnological machines is carried out, as well as methods of synthesis of classical structures of torque distributors and synthesis of adaptive torque distributors are considered. A combinatorial method for the synthesis of structural diagrams of 3-adaptive torque distributors as applied to agricultural transport and technological machines is considered.