АннотацияРассмотрены этапы разработки лазерного зажигания топлива кислород-керосин применительно к ракетной технике. Приведены варианты конструкций и параметры систем лазерного зажигания для запальных устройств (ЗУ), ракетных двигателей малой тяги (РДМТ), модельных установок и камер сгорания (КС) ракетных двигателей (РД), а также особенности их использования, включая характеристики лазеров и параметры топливных смесей, обеспечивающие надежное зажигание топлива различного состава. Целью проведенных работ была разработка единых рекомендаций по внедрению лазерного зажигания на крупноразмерные камеры сгорания многокамерных двигательных установок и отработка данных рекомендаций в ходе проведения испытаний системы зажигания штатных КС ракетных двигателей РД107/РД108 первой и второй ступеней ракеты-носителя «Союз».
The paper presents results of experimental studies aimed at introducing laser ignition of fuel mixtures into aero-space design practice. The source of ignition energy was a semiconductor laser featuring fibre radiation output, operating in a quasi-continuous wave mode. We carried out experiments for oxygen--hydrogen and oxygen--methane fuel types. The purpose of our research was to demonstrate the fundamental possibility of implementing fuel ignition by means of this type of laser, using a rocket engine igniter and a low-thrust rocket engine as examples. Employing semiconductor lasers directly as an ignition source for fuel mixtures in aerospace technology is attractive as it may feasibly reduce the requirements for thermal conditions during operation of the laser ignition system on board a rocket or spacecraft, as well as expand the range of permissible vibration and shock loads. The paper presents experimental results that delineate operating parameter ranges and operation cyclograms for the devices under consideration that ensured stable ignition of oxygen--hydrogen and oxygen--methane fuel mixtures; we also list the required power parameters for a semiconductor laser. The investigation revealed the specifics of using a semiconductor laser-based ignition system, which will be useful in developing laser rocket launching devices, ensuring reliable repeated on-off functionality
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