A process for preparing a dispersion of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) particles from various types of plant raw materials that is based on the use of preliminary radiation-chemical treatment, hydrolysis, and ultrasound treatment is described. The experiments produced dispersions in which the NCC particles had thin rod-like shapes of length 100-500 nm and width 25-50 nm.

We propose a method for obtaining hydrogels of nanocrystalline cellulose from different types of fiber intermediates. As a result of our experiments, we have isolated hydrogels in which the nanocrystalline cellulose particles have the structure of thin rodlike bundles with the following geometric parameters: length 100-900 nm, width 25-80 nm.Wood and agricultural products represent a widely distributed renewable resource of natural materials with huge potential for untapped functional capabilities and areas of application. Wood in particular is a natural nanosystem, the structure of which is formed by self-organization into tens of orders of magnitude on the size scale [1].A modern approach in cellulose chemistry for obtaining products with new prespecified properties is structural and chemical modification of cellulose, allowing us to significantly improve the advantages of natural cellulose and to expand the potential possibilities for its use. Based on different cellulose fibers, we can obtain nanocrystalline cellulose products with strength comparable to the strength of carbon nanotubes. The huge surface area, the high mechanical strength, and the elevated chemical reactivity of nanocrystalline cellulose means it has a broad range of application.Some of the most promising crystalline cellulose nanomaterials with a unique combination of properties are whiskers: rodlike nanostructures. The high degree of order and the lack of defects in whiskers eliminate the usual mechanisms for plastic deformation, and make their strength close to the theoretical threshold for the given materials [2]. Depending on the origin, their transverse dimensions vary from 2 to 80 nm for a length of 200-700 nm. The rodlike shape results in the absence of dislocations in such whiskers, where dislocations are responsible for the brittleness and plasticity of bulk crystals. Whiskers have attracted the attention of engineers because of their thermal stability, exceptional flexibility and mechanical strength.Effective methods for obtaining cellulose nanowhiskers include selective acid hydrolysis, combined with various physical treatments of the system [3][4][5][6].In modern technologies for cellulose materials, the use of different types of radiation, including ionizing radiation, has become very important for accelerating processes involved in chemical and enzyme treatment of wood, cellulose, and cellulose-containing wastes, modification of natural polymers, treatment of wastes from paper and pulp production, and wastewater treatment [7].The radiation/chemical method is considered as one of the most promising approaches in the technology for obtaining and processing valuable products from plant biomass and production of composite materials based on wood and synthetic polymers. The indicated method can be used to replace environmentally hazardous chemical steps with "clean" treatment by ionizing radiation, to reduce the number of technological operations and the energy consumed by the processes [8,9]. This is quite important in connection w...

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