The article presents the results of the studies of the effect of the combined paw coulter for multi-level sowing of grain crops and the simultaneous introduction of a starting dose of mineral fertilizers on the quality and yield of grain of soft spring wheat Omskaya 36 carried out in 2019-2020. When sowing using the SKP-2.1M seeder, which was reequipped with combined coulters, where mineral fertilizers were applied below the seeds of spring wheat, the yield increase in the experiments carried out in 2019 by 14% average in comparison with the control sowing with the SKP-2.1 seeder with serial coulters, where mineral fertilizers were applied to the same soil horizon with seeds. The conducted field experiment in 2020 confirmed the previously obtained results of the coulter performance; the increase in grain when using the combined coulters on the SPK-2.1M seeder was 12.5%. The difference in grain yield happened due to the different weather conditions in 2019 and 2020. The qualitative indicators of spring soft wheat when sowing with combined openers in comparison with a serial seeder gave an average increase in protein by 7.9% and 4.7%, and the highest gluten values on the control seeder were in the range of 25.8-27.1%, and on the experi-mental SKP-2.1M seeder it was 26.1−28.5% in 2019-2020, respectively. Thus, according to the re-sults of the laboratory field studies carried out over two years, it was found that the proposed design of the combined coulter for sowing and applying mineral fertilizers below the sowing of seeds is efficient and it contributes to an increase in yield and quality of grain of soft spring wheat.

The results of the analysis on the assessment of technical equipment of agricultural producers with mobile power facilities and technological machines depending on the area of cultivated crops in the Omsk region are presented. The state statistics data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Omsk Region were studied for the period of 2008-2020. The total cultivation area of the region is 2881.2 thousand hectares. There was a slight decrease in the area under grain crops by 2.9 thousand hectares, under fodder crops by 75.2 thousand hectares, or by 0.14 and 13.2%, respectively. A significant change in the quantitative composition of the machine and tractor fleet is shown. An annual reduction in the number of tractors, forage harvesters and grain harvesters was noted. The number of tractors decreased by 2811 units, or by 26.6%. As of December 2020, the operation of 30.6% of grain harvesters and 56.7% of self-propelled forage harvesters does not exceed 10 years. A decrease in the number of agricultural tractors is connected with the use of a minimum tillage technology, a reduction in energy costs and funds for carrying out agrotechnical operations in comparison with traditional technology. Reducing the number of tractors and combines leads to an increase in the average load on the machine. This tendency leads to increasing the terms of the main agrotechnical operations, which affects the quantity and quality of the final product. The determination of the optimal composition of the tractor fleet should be carried out for each specific farm, taking into account local conditions, the structure of economic activity and its specialization.

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