Radioisotope techniques have been used to study the breakdown products that are formed from the herbicide cyanazine (BLADEX)", 2-chIoro-4-( 1 -cyano-Imethylethyl-amino)-6-ethylamino-l,3,5-triazine, in soils and in maize grown in the soils under indoor conditions.In soils of different types cyanazine broke down mainly by conversion of the nitrile group to amide (11) and then to an acid (111) followed by hydrolysis of the ring chlorine to hydroxyl (IV). Dealkylation reactions occurred to only a limited extent in soils.In maize plants grown in treated soils the hydrolysis products, the amide (U) and the hydroxy acid (IV) were detected as well as appreciable quantities of products (VI) and (VIU) formed from these by loss of the N-ethyl group. In plants the hydroxy acids (IV) and (VIII) were present in the free form and there was also evidence for conjugates which were not identified but could beconverted to these hydroxy acids, (IV) and (VIM), on treatment with acids.

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The absorption spectra of the iodine complexes of a large number of starch-type polysaccharides have been measured. Amylopectins and glycogens show maximum absorption at ca. 540 and ca. 460 mp respectively. This dissimilarity may be correlated with differences in type of iodine-binding arising from variations in the average length of the interior chains of the two polysaccharide-types. Mammalian glycogens are more iodophilic than invertebrate glycogens; this fact cannot at present be related to known structural features.Addition of ammonium sulphate and other salts to a polysaccharideiodine solution causes a marked increase in the iodine-staining power of glycogen, but only a small increase with amylopectin. Under these conditions, the position of maximum absorption is approximately related to the degree of branching in the polysaccharide.

1. A single oral dose of [(14)C]Ionox 100 to rats is almost entirely eliminated in 11 days: 89.1-107.2% of the (14)C is excreted and 0.29+/-0.02% of the dose is present in the carcass plus viscera after removal of the gut. Rats exhibit an individual variation in the elimination pattern, 15.6-70.8% of (14)C being excreted in the urine and 75.2-27.0% in the faeces during 11 days. 2. After the oral administration of [(14)C]Ionox 100 to dogs, 87.1-90.3% of the (14)C is excreted in the faeces and urine during 4 days. 3. Dogs and rats do not show a species difference in this pattern of elimination. 4. The rate of elimination from dogs and rats given a single dose of Ionox 100 is not affected by the size of the dose and the presence of triglyceride fat in the diet. 5. Ionox 100 is completely metabolized in dogs and rats: unchanged Ionox 100 is absent from the urine and faeces, and from the carcass when elimination is complete. In rats, 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid accounts for 50-85% of a dose of Ionox 100 and (3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl beta-d-glucopyranosid)uronic acid for 47-10%; in dogs, the unconjugated acid accounts for 85% and the ester glucuronide for 10-12%. 3,5-Di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyhippuric acid is not formed. Other metabolites, which have been detected in small quantity in the faeces and urine of animals dosed with Ionox 100, have not been identified. 6. 3,5-Di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and (3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl beta-d-glucopyranosid)uronic acid are also the major metabolites of Ionol (2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol) in rats. 7. The elimination of Ionox 100 metabolites from rats is faster than that of Ionol and its metabolites. Unlike Ionol, unchanged Ionox 100 could not be detected in the bodies of these animals.

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