Palm oil mill effluent or POME is the waste water discharge from palm oil milling activities. Polyhydroxyalkanoate or PHA is the linear polyester that produces by bacterial fermentation of sugar or lipids with nature process. The objectives of this research are to extract PHA from POME using chemical solvent and to study the percentage of purity and recovery of PHA. A methodology was developed for PHA extraction from palm oil mill effluent using chemical solvent. PHA from POME can be extracted by using chemical extraction method by using non halogenated solvent that are acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone and ethyl acetate. The result show percentage of mass PHA recovery with acetone has high percentage that is 93% follow by ethyl acetate with 81.2% and lastly with methyl isobutyl ketone with 66%. Meanwhile, the PHA purity percentage by using acetone is 71%, follow by ethyl acetate 58% of purity obtain lastly methyl isobutyl ketone with 49% PHA purity obtain. PHA can be extracted from POME using chemical solvent extraction method.

Heavy metals have previously been removed from aqueous media using activated carbon as an adsorbent but due to its high cost, researchers are working to develop low-cost adsorbents from agricultural products and by-products. In this research, fresh banana peels were utilised as raw materials, and they were subsequently carbonised using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method to generate an efficient hydrochar adsorbent with the participation of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Pure standard of Fe, Mn and Zn were used as the stock solution for the heavy metal ions removal. The catalysis of KOH with concentration ranging from 0% to 50% by weight were utilized as the reaction media. Parameters including the dosage, metal concentrations, contact time and pH value were carefully investigated. According to the results of concentrations of heavy metals before and after adsorption obtained from AAS, hydrochar produced in 30%wt KOH exhibit the most adsorption capacity and Zn removal exhibit the highest adsorption among all three metal ions used at 83% removal efficiency. The presence of a high number of oxygen functional groups (OFG) is confirmed by FTIR findings, that influence the adsorption reaction. As a result, chemically modified banana peels can be used as a low-cost alternative to other expensive adsorbents for heavy metal removal, and HTC could be a viable technique for producing low-cost adsorbents.