The squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a rare, benign, locally infiltrative neoplasm of the jaws that appears to originate from the rests of Malassez, gingival surface epithelium or from remnants of the dental lamina. SOT was first described by Pullon et al. (1975). Since then there has been paucity in the number of reported cases, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The tumor is often asymptomatic, although it can present with symptoms of pain and tooth mobility. The characteristic radiographic appearance is that of a triangular-shaped unilocular radiolucency associated with the roots of erupted, vital teeth and has a predilection for the anterior maxilla and the posterior mandible. Histologically, the tumor is characterized by the formation of variably sized nests and cords of uniform, benign-appearing, squamous epithelium with occasional vacuolization and keratinization. We report a case of SOT occurring in a 58-year-old male in the anterior mandible with unusual localization and appearance.

Pathological conditions can give rise to calcifications within oral mucosa representing either a local or systemic disturbance. Inflammation, trauma, debris acting as nidus and vascular lesions have been attributed as principal causes for occurrence of calcifications within the oral mucosa. Occurrence of multiple calcified thrombi (phleboliths) is considered pathognomonic for hemangiomas and vascular malformations in the oral and maxillofacial region. Isolated occurrence of phlebolith in oral mucosa though very rare, especially without any underlying vascular lesions, can be diagnostically challenging. Either a traumatic association at that site or a hemangioma of childhood that has regressed once the individual became an adult are the possible explanations suggested for the occurrence of these unique solitary phleboliths. Histologically, an "onion-ring"-like concentric lamellar fibrosis around a central core with varying amounts of calcifications and presence of minute vascular channels within or around calcified lamellae is characteristic for phlebolith. There is a high propensity for misdiagnosing solitary phlebolith located in sites like the buccal mucosa where various other pathologic soft-tissue calcifications, such as sialoliths, calcified lymph nodes, traumatic myositis ossificans, etc. can occur and they too appear radiopaque in radiographs. Besides, the absence of any associated underlying vascular lesion adds to the misperception. In such cases, histopathological examination with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining alone may not be sufficient to determine the accurate diagnosis. Allied clinical history and immunohistochemistry can aid to arrive at the final diagnosis. phlebolith in the right buccal mucosa of a healthy 49-year-old male patient and discuss its differential diagnosis with emphasis on histological presentation.

Aim:To investigate and record the palatal changes in individuals habituated to reverse chutta smoking in rural coastal Andhra population.Materials and Methods:Sixty individuals out of whom 47 females and 13 males habituated to reverse smoking with no other tobacco and alcohol habits and no other systemic disturbances were selected. The palatal changes were recorded by six examiners. Database were searched for the following terms “reverse smokers,” “nicotina palatini” and “palatal lesions.”Results:The mean and percentage prevalence of the each lesion recorded and agreed by six examiners among 60 subjects showed presence of 87.77% hyperpigmented areas, 64.44% depigmented areas, 51.66% excrescences, 32.22% potentially malignant lesions and 9.72% frank ulcerations.Conclusion:Reverse smoking is an endemic tobacco habit still practiced in the coastal rural Andhra Pradesh. It is a well-established and socially acceptable habit among adult females. The changes recorded clinically shows characteristic features that are unique among this population group.

Background: Tzanakis scoring system is a combination of clinical evaluation, ultrasonography and laboratory marker of inflammatory response, used as accuracy of diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Objective of this study was to evaluate the predictability of Tzanakis scoring system in preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis and compare its accuracy with histopathological examination (HPE).Methods: A prospective non-randomized study was designed to study those patients who suspected clinically as acute appendicitis, admitting to Department of General Surgery, ESIC-MC PGIMSR, Bangalore between November 2013 to July 2015. After complete clinical examination, radiological and laboratory investigations Tzanakis score was calculated and patients with score 8 or >8 underwent appendicectomy and HPE results were analyzed.Results: Out of 218 participants, 200 patients underwent emergency appendicectomy and were selected for the study. The sensitivity and specificity of Tzanakis score was 85.49% and 71.43% respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 85% with positive predictive value of 98.80% and negative value of 15.15%.Conclusions: Tzanakis scoring system is an effective modality in the establishment of accuracy in diagnosis of acute appendicitis, but the limitation is observer bias which may vary the scoring system.

Pyogenic granulomas are common, acquired, benign vascular lesions of the skin and mucousmembranes that can develop both spontaneously and traumatically. Pyogenic Granuloma more commonly involves Gingiva (75% of all the cases). An extragingival occurrence of pyogenic granuloma is rare. We present an unique case of a male patient aged 24 years affected by Pyogenic Granuloma of urethral meatus. Although penile pyogenic granulomas have previously been observed over glans penis, prepuce and shaft of penis,there are no reports affecting meatus.