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Quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) have many advantages compared with other types of semiconductor-based photodetectors. Therefore, it is important to evaluate their characteristics theoretically. In this paper our aim is to develop a simple algorithm for this interesting type of photodetector. This algorithm describes a non-trivial evaluation of the most important characteristics. It is used to calculate the dark current, photocurrent, responsivity and detectivity as a function of the structural parameters. Moreover, it explains some features of QDIP characteristics observed experimentally. The calculated dependences are in good agreement with available experimental data. On the other hand, the optimization of the characteristics of these photodetectors is of primary concern. In this paper we also include a method for this optimization in order to realize the potential advantages of QDIPs.

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