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Objective: Investigation of the antioxidant efficacy of a novel polysaccharide isolated from the methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem bark with reference to its action as free radical scavengers using in vivo and in vitro approaches was performed in the study.Methods: Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined with and without polysaccharide treatment in the cell lines and breast and liver tissues. 7, 12- Dimethylbenz (α) anthracene-induced albino Wistar rats were used as animal models.Results: The IC50 concentration of polysaccharide was 100 μM for both the cell lines. The lipid peroxidation levels were decreased in both breast cancer cell lines and liver and breast tissues. Polysaccharide treatment showed remarkably low levels of TBARS in breast cancer cells, and a significant reduction in the activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT levels in cancer groups was found to be increased with polysaccharide treatment. The alteration was found to be induced in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and in breast and liver tissues of in vivo models.Conclusion: The results showed that the polysaccharide from T. cordifolia has antioxidant potential on human breast cancer cell lines and tissues with induction of apoptosis.

Objective: The exploration of the anticancer potential of polysaccharide isolated from the methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia) stem bark against breast cancer in DMBA-induced female albino Wistar rat models were examined by various hematological parameters. Methods: Analysis of Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cell (WBC) and platelet level, Tumor markers Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA) and Cancer Antigen 15.3 (CA 15.3) in the serum, was done in the normal, cancer and compound treated rats using specific kits. Histological studies were performed to examine the changes in the tissue morphology and cell patterns in breast tissue. Results: The decreased levels of RBC, WBC and platelets in 7,12-Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer (Group III) animals were revived to the normal conditions in polysaccharide treated breast cancer (Group IV) animals as that of normal (Group I). The level of tumor markers CEA and CA 15.3, was found elevated in serum of DMBA-induced breast cancer groups (Group III) when compared to their levels in the normal groups (Group I) whereas polysaccharide treatment (Group IV) prevented this rise in the levels of tumor markers. The histological studies on the breast tissue samples of all the groups showed the appropriate features where the normal (Group I) animals were characterized with normal cells uniformly arranged without any change in orientation and morphology, DMBA-induced cancer (Group III) animals showed an improper orientation of cells arranged as glandular structures, as nest, or cords of various sizes or as solid sheets foci of necrosis in some areas with margins infiltrating, pushing, circumcised or mixed and the polysaccharide treated (Group IV) animals showed results resembling that of the normal (Group I) animals. Conclusion: Thus, polysaccharide is proved as an effective chemo preventive agent against breast cancer.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to find a non-invasive method of sample collection that can be used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: In this study, saliva as a diagnostic fluid was collected noninvasively from subjects with modest training and this offers a cost-effective method for screening diabetes. To evaluate the association of blood glucose level with salivary glucose in Type-II diabetic (Type-II D) patients, a case– control study was conducted on 200 test and 200 healthy control people in selected study village in Kanchipuram (District). The glucose level was measured in saliva and blood plasma by glucose oxidase and peroxidase method. Results: A highly significant positive correlation between fasting salivary glucose (69.377±14.329 mg/dl) and plasma glucose (249.935±64.65 mg/dl) in diabetic patients and in control group, plasma glucose level 117.545±10.595 and saliva glucose level 49.271±13.795 mg/dl was observed. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that fasting salivary glucose level can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic, as well as monitoring tool to assess the glycemic status of Type-II DM patients.