Abstract. This paper offers an overview of Germany's new code for generation plants connected to medium-voltage networks. It describes the most important requirements and how inverters may implement most of them without excessive changes in hardware. The analysis is based on the three-phase B6-topology voltage source inverter controlled by a Space Vector Modulation technique.

The test and validation of prototypes in the area of Distributed Generation is often related to the effect of these devices on the electrical grid. However, due to the scale of the mentioned equipment it is difficult to observe this effect when the device interacts with the main grid. A first approximation to this behavior can be simulated using a model which interacts with a simulated environment, with a software tool. When the software model is well defined, the prototyping phase starts and new testing will be required. The purpose of this work is to develop a test stand for such devices which would mimic some of the most important parameters of a grid. The impact of the tested device in the grid can therefore be adjusted. This grid simulator will be used for stability studies in the introduction of Distributed Generation Devices as well as Renewable Energy Sources in the grid and it can be seen as a scaled model of the real grid. This work was implemented in the DeMoTeC laboratory in the Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET) in Kassel (Germany) and it has been used for testing minigrids connected with the main grid.

It should give concise information on the aims, the methods, the results and the conclusions of the paper. Its length should not exceed 200 words.

The presented research is dedicated to estimation of the correlation between the level of renewable energy sources and the costs of congestion management in electric networks in selected European countries. Data of six countries in North-West European area (Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Poland and Austria) were investigated. Factors considered included grid congestion costs including re-dispatching costs as well as countertrading costs, gross electricity generation, installed capacity of electric generating facilities, installed capacity of electric non-dispatchable renewable energy sources and total electricity consumption. Special attention is paid to the share of renewable energy sources. It is found that the grid congestion costs are not clearly affected by penetration of non-dispatchable renewables in all the analysed countries and therefore a clear mathematical correlation cannot no be extrapolated with the available data. The results of this research show in general a loose dependency of the grid congestion costs on the penetration of renewables and a strong dependency on the total electrical consumption of the country.

It should give concise information on the aims, the methods, the results and the conclusions of the paper. Its length should not exceed 200 words.