Objectives: Cardiovascular risk can be predicted using lipid ratios such as the atherogenic index which is defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma triglyceride (TG) to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)-it is a useful prognostic parameter for guiding timely interventions and has also been employed as a predictor of cardiovascular risk. However, this is rarely used in the clinical practice in developing countries including Nigeria. Methods: This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 382 hypertensive and diabetic patients attending outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Atherogenic risk profile, was categorized as low risk (<0.1), intermediate risk (0.1-0.24), and high risk (>0.24). Predictors were established using regression analysis. Level of significance was set at p-value of <0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean age of participants was 56±12 years, 31.4% of participants had high atherogenic risk. This was higher among female patients (60.0%). Participants with high TC, high LDL, uncontrolled blood pressure had odds of 1.64, 1.43 and 1.17 times of developing high atherogenic risk respectively. Conclusion: A significant proportion of participants in this study population were at risk of developing atherosclerosis. Key identified populations at risk of CVD should be considered for routine artherogenic assessment.

The Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), is being hit hard by the epidemic of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and carries the globe's heaviest burden of HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS has been transformed into a chronic condition, albeit one with no cure, making it important to assess determinants of quality of life (QoL) and, if required, improve the QoL of People Living with HIV (PLHIV). The study assessed the determinants of quality of life of patients attending HIV clinics in Ilorin metropolis. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross sectional study. A sample size of 384 HIV positive patients who were systematically recruited at the 5 public service delivery sites in Ilorin. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Level of significance was predetermined at p-value < 0.05 at a confidence level of 95%. Results: Majority 213 (55.5%) of the respondents had good QoL, while 171 (44.5%) had low QoL with overall Mean score of 68±14. This study showed that being employed, high income, and low cost of care were associated with good health related (HRQoL). Regression analysis revealed that age > 30yrs (odds = 1.5), longer duration on Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) >3yrs (Odds = 1.5), CD4 count 3 >500cells/mm (Odds = 1.2), high monthly income (Odds=1.6) and low cost of care (Odds= 1.27) were found to determine good QoL. Conclusion: Government should therefore expand access to HIV care by considering more Primary Health Care facilities as Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) treatment centers.

Background Though the prevalence of hypertension is rising in Sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have characterized the epidemiology and management of hypertension across many heterogeneous communities. We assessed prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and estimated the 10-year cardiovascular risk across six sites in East and West Africa. Methods Between June and August 2018, we conducted household-based surveys in 6 rural, semi-urban and urban settings in Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda to enroll community-dwelling adults (aged >18 years) collect data including age, gender, smoking, anthropometric measures, health insurance, utilization of health care facilities. We defined hypertension as systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg, or self-reported antihypertensive medication use. We used country specific Globorisk prediction equations to estimate 10-year CVD risk. Results A total 3,150 participants with a mean age of 40 years (SD 15), 61% of whom were women, 8% had ever smoked, and 33% were overweight/obese. About 23.7% (95% CI 22.2, 25.2) of the entire sample had hypertension, of whom 60.6% (56.8, 64.3) were diagnosed. Among diagnosed, 61.7% (57.2, 66.1) were taking antihypertensives, and 27.7% (22.7, 33.1) had controlled BP. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.6% in Ikire-Nigeria, 25.1% Ukonga-Tanzania, 23.3% in Oyo-Nigeria, 21.6% in Okpok-Nigeria, 20.4% in Soroti-Uganda, and 9.7% in Viwandani-Kenya. The overall median estimated 10-yr CVD risk was low 4.6% IQR (2.3, 9.6) and 8.6% had 10-yr CVD risk >10%. (Figure 1) Conclusion Among African adults aged >18 years, nearly a quarter have hypertension, three in 5 being treated, and fewer than three in ten had BP under control. The low number of people in control is ubiquitous in all sites and warrants greater prevention strategies, better screening and more effective and affordable treatment options than what is currently available.

Background The volume of road traffic and the number of street children are increasing in major towns and cities in Nigeria since 1999. Objective The objectives include understanding and documentation of the nature and extent of injuries experienced by street children and their coping strategies, and to understand the categories of those responsible and suggest preventive measures. Methods Qualitative data collection techniques such as informal interview and case study were carried out. Information was obtained from 250 street children selected using convenience sampling technique. Results Of the 250 children interviewed, 136 (54.4%) confirmed sustaining one road traffic injuries. About one-third (44 or 32.3%) of these injuries resulted from a knockdown by a speedy vehicle, while 28 (20.6%) was due to fall from a moving motor-cycle. Injuries (minor and deep cuts) purposefully inflicted by other persons accounted for 16 (11.8%). Firearms (stray bullets) led to 3 (2.2%) sustaining bad wounds and fractures while injury undetermined whether by accident or purposefully inflicted was 23 (2.3%). The culprits or perpetrators of these accidents were mostly poorly trained and unlicenced drivers (56.7%), alcoholic drunk drivers (36.8%), speedy bank drivers (2.2%) and armed escort drivers of government vehicles (4.3%). Significance and Contribution to the Field The findings from this study are of paramount importance to policy makers, law enforcement agencies, youths and community leaders in instituting effective preventive strategies that aimed at reducing mortality and morbidity. This study revealed that the road traffic injuries among the street children are mainly caused by poorly trained and unlicensed drivers

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