Наведено результати реалізації продуктивних якостей корів голштинської породи упродовж інтенсивної експлуатації з високою концентрацією тварин на обмеженому просторі та мінімальними можливостями для відновлення і відпочинку. Дослідження показали, що за нормальної тривалості лактаційного періоду генетичний потенціал молочної продуктивності реалізується з віком корів. Ось тому відносно найнижчий рівень удою мають первістки (7747,7 кг), у другу лактацію він зростає на 9,89 % (Р<0,001) і набуває свого максимального значення у третючетверту (9422,2-9694,3 кг), після чого підтримується на одному рівні упродовж п'ятоїшостої лактації (9665,4-9499,3 кг). Така ж динаміка синтезу молочного жиру та білка: найнижчі значення характерні первісткам, а найвищі-коровам четвертоїп'ятої лактації. За нормальної тривалості лактаційного періоду не встановлена кореляційна залежність між удоєм і живою масою корів. Від'ємний індекс адаптації тварин відносно інтенсивної технології експлуатації становить у середньому 2,9-3,3.

The intensive conditions of industrial milk production require animals with a strong constitution and health, in order to maintain high levels of productivity and reproduction over a long period of time. The aim of the research was to determine the peculiarities of realization of the genetic potential of dairy productivity by cows during commercial exploitation in the industrial complex. An experimental part of the research was conducted on the industrial complex for the production of milk of Holstein breed cows of private JSC "Agro-Soyuz" (Ukraine) on healthy animals, which were formed in six groups from the first to the sixth lactation. With the intensive technology of exploitation in the industrial complex, the lactation activity of first-heifers and full-age cows varies within the range of 439.6-446.7 days, and the calving-to-calving interval is 497.3-506.3 days. At the same time, the relatively low milk productivity is characterized by first-heifers, in which the milk yield is 9,439.2 kg of physical or 9,091.6 kg of 4% milk, whereas in animals of the second lactation, these indicators are higher respectively by 10.03% (P < 0.05) and 11.17% (P < 0.01). In the fourth lactation observed further increase of milk yield, reaching the level of 11,725.3 kg of physical or 11,455.4 kg of 4% milk, which is more than the index of cows at third lactation, respectively, by 10.96% and 11.72%. Substantially higher milk productivity in cows at fifth lactation is 11,960.0 kg of physical or 11,833.9 kg of 4% milk, which is higher than the animals of the third lactation, respectively, by 12.70% and 14.54%. The highest milk yield have Holstein cows in the sixth lactation-12,071.1 kg of physical or 11,919.9 kg of 4% milk, which is more than the animals of the third lactation, respectively, by 13.51% (P < 0.001) and 15.16% (P < 0.001). The production of milk butter and protein is the lowest in first-heifers and is an average of 661.2 kg. In animals of the second and third lactation, these products are higher respectively by 11.39% (P < 0.01) and 10.77% (P < 0.05), and in animals of the fourth to sixth lactation, by 20.72% and 22.96%. With the extended lactation activity, the correlation relation between live weight and total milk yield in first-heifers and cows of the second lactation is positive and is, respectively, r = 0.509 and 0.202. Instead, in cows of the third-sixth lactation, such the relation is negative and r = 0.339-0.163. In general, lactation animals of all ages are characterized by satisfactory adaptive properties: in cows in the fourth to fifth lactation, the adaptation index is on average-8.7 ± 0.34 units; in animals of the second-third lactation-respectively-9.6 ± 0.37 and-9.8 ± 0.53 units. The lowest value of adaptation index has first-heifers (-10,5 ± 0,44 units), and relatively the highest-in animals of the sixth lactation-8,3 ± 0,24 units, which is less than the value of first-heifers on 26.51% (P < 0.001). The value of adaptation index has a functional relation with the total milk yield of Holstein cows of a...

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In the article are considered the effect of postpartum course and periodicity of manifestation of dystocia and reproductive capacity of Holstein cows of different age. The experimental part of the research was performed at the industrial complex for milk production of cows of Holstein breed of “Agro-Soyuz”. Assessment of ease of calving in cows of different age was determined in points (V. Berglund, J. Phillipson et al., 1987): 1 – easy calving; 2 – normal calving, only some help is required (slight dystocia); 3 – heavy calving, full intervention is required (dystocia). And was determined the live weight of the calves (kg). It is found that about 83 % of cows the calving pass easily enough. At the same time, more than 10 % of the calving, operators had to spend only the final help of the calves release from the animal's birth canal. However, almost 7 % of calving animals care required sufficiently substantial assistance, which included several operators. It is proved that the age of the cows is not crucial, which determines the dystocia. In this case, a direct relationship was established between the live weight of calves at birth and the display of dystocia during calving of cows. The live weight of the newborn at 37 kg causes a slight dystocia, and weighs about 39 kg – a dystocia. The live weight of the calves at birth at the level of 34 kg provides a normal course of calving. In 74.4 % of first-heifers there is a complication of recovery of the reproduction system after calving. The rate of cows in fourth lactation is quite high – 72.5 %. Close to this indicator are characterized by cows of the second lactation, in which symptomatic infertility is 69.6 %. The average index of insemination is 1.9 units is typical for cows with a normal postpartum period. Symptomatic infertility leads to a lengthening of the service period by almost a month, compared to calving cows and the postpartum period proceeded normally. Heavy dystocia during calving is characteristic of 12 % of the animals, which were predominantly cows of the first calving. Keywords: holstein breed, service period, calving, index of insemination, dystocia, symptomatic infertility.

Background: Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine is located in the northern steppe subzone, where livestock is actively developing, including dairy farming. Cows, imported from other ecological and climatic conditions undergo appropriate acclimatization to new conditions of exploitation. The current research was based on the assessment of the adaptive properties of Holstein cows of different ages to manage and control the level of their milk productivity and reproductive function during exploitation. Methods: All researches were carried out on the milk complex of “Agro-Soyuz”. The information base was data on productive qualities in individual cards of cows, results of assessment of zootechnical and veterinary accounting. To achieve this goal, an analysis was conducted from the first to the seventh lactation of Holstein cows. Result: Our researches allowed establishing the adaptability of Holstein cows of different ages in terms of ecological plasticity of the northern steppe of Ukraine. With a slight imbalance of the organism and the environment cows show high productive qualities at unsatisfactory reproductive function. This work will be a complementary the comprehensive study the adaptation of Holstein cows in different climatic conditions.