This work presents the results of studying harmful substances in the air, released in the case of tungsten inert gas (TIG) and metal inert gas (MIG) welding of 1460 aluminum alloy (Al-Cu-Li). It is shown that the TIG process is accompanied by smaller evolution of the solid component and gas component of welding fumes than in MIG welding. Ozone concentrations during TIG and MIG welding are significantly (1.3 and 7.4 times, respectively) higher than the maximum permissible concentration. It is found that ultraviolet radiation, accompanying the welding process, is the main factor of toxic gas generation in the working zone of the studied aluminum-lithium alloys. Also, this paper presents analyses of microstructure, hardness, strength characteristics and fatigue behavior of 1460 TIG weld joints.

The results of investigations of the levels of evolution, chemical composition and cytotoxicity of harmful substances evolved during welding by chromium-nickel high-alloy electrodes are presented in order to improve their sanitary-hygienic characteristics. It is shown that in order to create new grades of welding electrodes with the improved hygienic characteristics, it is necessary to possess not only the data of initial sanitary-hygienic evaluation, but also to have the results of biological investigations of WA toxicity. It was established that the application of a binder based on pure lithium or lithium-sodium potassium liquid glass in the electrodes coating instead of potassium-sodium allows reducing the level of evolution of welding aerosol into air, decreasing the content of highly-toxic hexavalent chromium in it and, therefore, its general toxicity.

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Проведено аналіз нанорозмірних фракцій, що утворюються під час зварювання дослідними електродами з по-ліпшеними санітарно-гігієнічними характеристиками, а саме зі зниженим вмістом хрому (VI). Оцінено емісію на-ночастинок у повітря робочої зони та хімічний склад нанорозмірних фракцій під час зварювання високолегованими марками дослідних електродів з рутиловим видом покриття (п'ять марок) та різним типом зв'язуючого зі зниже-ним вмістом хрому (VI

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