This paper provides an experimental debate about using ice in air cooling to reduce peak loads resulting from air conditioning. Three copper helical coils having the same surface area were used in the present work. The coils diameters are 5, 7 and 10 mm, coils lengths are 4.50, 3.22 and 2.26 m respectively. The three coils are have the same pitch circle diameter and different number of turns. Warm air have a temperature ranging from 40°C to 60°C was fed inside the coils immersed in slurry ice hours. The air flow rate was changed from 0.0008 to 0.0065 kg/s. The effects of Reynolds number and coil diameter on heat transfer characteristics were investigated. The results provided that Nusselt number, Nu, increases with the increase of Reynolds number for small tube diameter coil. Empirical correlations were found for both heat transfer and pressure drop as dimensionless groups in the range of experimental investigation.

Improved design methodologies associated with optimized material selection have been successfully applied in the Agbami development in 1450-1600m water depth to meet the field requirements related to the proposed flexible pipe system. The subsea production and gas/water injection wells will be connected to an FPSO via subsea manifolds, with flexible risers, flowlines and jumpers.Low-sour service conditions (50ppm H 2 S) specified for the production from Agbami field development were taken into consideration in order to design the most suitable pipe structures. Adequate plastic materials have been selected to optimize annulus environment of corrosive gases to a level compatible with the selected sweet high strength steel wires. Extensive testing has been carried out to ensure the steel wires selected for the Agbami pipe structures have sufficient resistance to SSC/HIC in the anticipated annulus conditions. Design of the 8" production flexible riser structure proved to be challenging to satisfactorily accommodate all loadings associated with the deep-water environment, the low sour environment with the use of high strength sweet steel armor wires and in a single pipe section of 2000m long.The sealed plastic outer sheath of the flexible risers is protected by a plastic layer re-enforced by means of high strength aramid tapes. This design of the pipe structure significantly increases the mechanical resistance of flexible pipe against any kind of external damage as demonstrated through a series of full-scale qualification tests carried out on real pipe samples and witnessed by Third Party.The bend stiffener arrangement fitted over the flexible risers and located at the FPSO keel level, has been designed to accommodate abnormal scenario where the FPSO heel angle can reach 17 o under damaged conditions for the vessel hull.An integrity management process has been initiated at the beginning of the project to identify potential causes of failures in order to implement a risk-consistent monitoring and inspection strategy to avoid failure during the service life of the considered flexible pipe system. This paper describes how innovative pipe design can enable the use of relatively large outside diameter flexible riser, for sour service production application, in deep water whilst utilizing a single pipe section.