The chapter covers development of mathematical model of signals in output plane of optoelectronic system with registration of optical signals from objects. Analytical forms for mean values and dispersion of signal and interference components of photo receiver response are given. The mathematical model can be used as a base with detection algorithm development for optical signal from objects. An algorithm of signals' detection in output plane of optoelectronic system for the control is offered. The algorithm is synthesized taking into account corpuscular and statistical properties of optical signals. Analytical expressions for mean values and signal and noise components dispersion are cited. These expressions can be used for estimating efficiency of the offered algorithm by the criterion of detection probabilistic characteristics and criterion of signal/noise relation value. The possibility of signal detection characteristics improvement with low signal-to-noise ratio is shown.

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The chapter is devoted to the creation of a comprehensive approach to the physical and mathematical description of signals in optoelectronics in machine vision, taking into account the phenomena of interaction of optical radiation with system elements. A new methodology for the study of the statistical properties of input and output signals in optoelectronic systems is proposed, taking into account the availability of grouped statistical properties that do not obey the Poisson statistics. The basis is the joint use of wave and corpuscular description of signals in systems, stochastic flow theories, and elements of statistical detection theory. Information and energetic technology have been developed that integrates the theoretical justification of signal description under various observation conditions and decision-making methods.

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