This study explains how a Steinmetz compensator works. Past explanations are based on phasor diagrams and do not address the basic physical phenomena of electromagnetic energy flow. This paper uses the Poynting vector to detect and understand the process of compensation and restoration of symmetry in an unbalanced system

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By using the Park‐transformation the three‐phase TEM‐mode is analysed under the two different points of view: circuit and field. The first one leads, in terms of voltage and current line‐space vector, to a distributed constants active line. The second one leads, in a formal way, to the deduction of the “Maxwell‐Park equation”. The obtained result brings again, in terms of distributed constants, to the instantaneous sequence components algebra. This result allows a unified analysis, valid for any regime, of the poly‐phase travelling phenomena. This approach is particularly effective in presence of harmonics and sequence components. Under these circumstances, due to the wide spread of this kind of phenomena, the extension of the Park approach, already consolidated for the lumped constants, to the distributed constants case appears an obliged step particularly useful in a conceptual and practical path.

The definition and measurement of the power components in three‐phase systems under non‐sinusoidal conditions is becoming more and more an up‐to‐date problem. Some theories have already been proposed to face this problem, but the proposed solutions are not completely satisfactory, in particular when unsymmetrical, unbalanced systems are concerned. The study of three‐phase systems in terms of the Park transformation seems to be more attractive than other proposed methods. The present paper, after a short review of the properties of the Park transformation, discusses the physical meaning of the power components defined employing it, proposes a measuring equipment for the measurement of the defined power components and shows the results of some experimental work.