The paper describes an aggregate technology for extraction of uranium and related rare earth elements, scandium and phosphorus from uranium-phosphorite ores with the recycling of spent reagents for the production of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers. It is shown that increasing the fraction of nitric acid in the mixture with sulfuric acid (melange) for leaching uranium to 100% increases the extraction of all valuable elements up to 95–98%. Optimal parameters (hydro module, duration and acidity) of the raw material processing have been determined. Reducing the content of sulfuric acid in melange to 15% reduces the yield of gypsum with the content of radionuclides of natural origin, which must be buried. The isolation of uranium, thorium, rare earth elements, scandium and radioactive isotopes (Ra, Po, Ac, Pb) is carried out by chemical precipitation using iron in the form of cast iron chips. As a result of processing, a nitrate-phosphate solution purified from radioactive elements and impurities is formed, based on which a complex nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer "Nitrofos" is fabricated.
The paper presents the results of pilot tests of scandium extraction technology from uranium-rare-earth phosphorite to obtain high-purity scandium oxide Sc2O3. It is shown that scandium in phosphorites is accompanied by thorium and rare earth elements (REE), which requires the development of a technology for the complex processing of raw materials. Scandium with a purity of 99.0% was obtained from a concentrate of various degrees of enrichment and shavings of scandium alloys by dissolving them in sulfuric acid, extraction, and selective precipitation with oxalic acid. In the process of testing, scandium oxides were obtained with a purity of 99.0; 99.9, and 99.99%, suitable, for example, for the production of alloys based on magnesium for medical purposes.
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