No abstract

A mycological survey of Nigerian currency (naira) notes in circulation in Benin City was undertaken to determine the fungal species present, so as to bring to light the health implications of their presence. A total of 84 naira notes comprising 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 naira denominations were obtained randomly from a bank, commuter bus, food canteen, and open market. Four-day old Potato Dextrose Agar cultures of diluted water diffusate of the currency notes were examined under the microscope and fungi were isolated and identifi ed. The isolated fungi and their frequencies of isolation were A. fl avus (90.5), A. fumigatus (42.9), A. terreus (57.1), A. fl avipes (26.2) A. niger (59.5), Candida albicans (92.3), Rhizopus sp (2.7), Penicillium sp (4.0), Fusarium sp (12.8), and Saccharomyces cerevisae (16.1%). The frequencies of fungi isolated from the various denominations varied signifi cantly at 0.05 probability. While the 50 naira denomination had the highest colony count (mean of means = 41 colonies/ml) the 500 naira had the lowest colony count (mean of means =8.3 colonies/ml). The high occurrence of fungi in the currency notes is of public health concern.

No abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide whose production in sub-Saharan Africa is extensively affected by root nematodes. The objective of this study was to identify and establish the distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), in rice growing fields within different regions of Ghana. Soil and root samples were taken from rice fields, namely fourteen from Volta Region, eleven from the Soil and Irrigation Research Centre (SIREC), Kpong (Eastern Region); and five from Dawhenya (Greater Accra Region). The soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depths, together with root samples. A total of twenty-four nematode genera were identified in soil and root samples from the three regions. These included: Aphelenchus spp., Belonolaimus spp., Ditylenchus spp., Dolichodorus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Hemicriconemoides spp. Hemicycliophora spp. Heterodera spp., Hirschmaniella spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Paralongidorous spp., Paratylenchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus spp., Rhabditida spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Scutellonema spp., Trichodorus spp., Tylenchornchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchus spp. and Xiphinema spp. In the Volta Region, Tylenchus spp. was the most abundant (29.01%) in the soil; while Meloidogyne spp. was most the abundant (36.86%) in the roots. In Dawhenya regions, Meloidogyne spp. was the most abundant (26.96%) in the soil; while Tylenchus spp. was the most abundant (25.94%) in the roots. In the Eastern Region, Meloidogyne spp. was the most abundant (41.7%) in the soil; while Pratylenchus spp. was the most abundant (36.1%) in the roots. These nematodes threaten rice production in Ghana, if not managed well in farmer’s fields.