Viscum album L. (Santalaceae), also known as European mistletoe, is a semi-parasitic plant that grows on different host trees. Our group recently demonstrated the antitumoral activity of ethanolic V. album extracts in vitro, depending on the dose and the host tree, V. album ssp abietis from Abies alba being the most active extract. The goal of this work focused on the development of a new topical formulation containing V. album extracts, evaluation of in vitro toxicity and ex vivo skin permeation assays. The Poloxamer 407 hydrogel containing 5% of dry (VA_DEH) or aqueous (VA_AEH) extract presented dermal compatible pH and microbiological stability for 180 days. The hydrogels flow curve presented a non-linear relation, characteristic of non-Newtonian fluids, and the mean viscosity for the VA_DEH and VA_AEH was 372.5 ± 7.78 and 331.0 ± 2.83 Pa.s, respectively, being statistically different (Welch’s t test; p < 0.01). Additionally, WST-1 in vitro assays revealed a dose-dependent toxicity for both formulations and VA_DEH presented a higher activity than the VA_AEH. The promising cytotoxic potential of VA_DEH lead to the ex vivo skin permeation assay with 2.73 ± 0.19 µg/cm2 of chlorogenic acid, which permeated at 8 h, showing a transdermal potential. These in vitro results support the idea that VA_DEH is a novel promising candidate for mistletoe therapy. Therefore, further in vivo and pre-clinical experiments should be performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this new dermic delivery system.

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Abstract. The present work aims to establish of Visual Interpretation Criterias of the land-use and land-cover (LULC) classes of the Brazilian biomes. The process relies on the efforts of experts from each biome, Ph.D. and Master's students, and undergraduate students in research. Due to the particularities, the criterias were elaborated individually for each biome. The classes correspond to MapBiomas collection 04 legend. In each LULC class, the user has the following information: class definition, patterns (e.g., color, texture, roughness), and historical Landsat images (RGB 564) from the dry and rainy periods, as well as high-resolution images and field photos of the class. These visual interpretation criterias was used to generate data of samples for MapBiomas mapping validation. With the help of Visual Interpretation Criterias, experienced and inexperienced interpreters were able to produce high-quality sample data without visual inspection. This initiative, a pioneer in Brazil, is a tool to support future interpretations of Brazilian biomes. The results can be found on Lapig website.