1 Gamma radiation impairs vascular function, leading to the depression of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Loss of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway has been implicated, but little is known about radiation eects on other endothelial mediators. 2 This study investigated the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in rabbits subjected to wholebody irradiation from a cobalt 60 source. 3 The endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aorta evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) or A23187 was impaired in a dose-dependent manner by irradiation at 2 Gy or above. Inhibition was evident 9 days post-irradiation and persisted over the 30 day experimental period. 4 Endothelium-independent responses to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) were suppressed over a similar dose range at 7 ± 9 days postirradiation, but recovered fully by 30 days post-irradiation. 5 In healthy vessels, ACh-induced relaxation was inhibited by L-N o -nitroarginine (L-NA; 3610 74 M) and charybdotoxin (10 78 M) plus apamin (10 76 M) but resistant to indomethacin, indicating the involvement of NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Supporting this, ACh caused smooth muscle hyperpolarization that was reduced by L-NA and charybdotoxin plus apamin. 6 In irradiated vessels, responses to ACh were insensitive to L-NA but abolished by charybdotoxin plus apamin, indicating selective loss of NO-mediated relaxation. 7 In animals treated shortly after irradiation with the antioxidant, a-tocopherol acetate, the NOdependent relaxation was restored without eect on the EDHF-dependent component. 8 The results imply that radiation selectively impairs the NO pathway as a consequence of oxidative stress, while EDHF is able to maintain endothelium-dependent relaxation at a reduced level.
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the depression of endothelium-dependent vacular response in spontaneously hypertensive Okamoto rats (SHR). Aortae from SHR demonstrated a decreased relaxant response to acetylcholine (Ach) as compared to aortae from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, while papaverine lowered the force of aorta to a similar degree in both strains of rats. PKC inhibitors, H-7 (5 × 10–6 M) and chelerythrine chloride (10–6 M), produced a greater decrease in the force developed by the aortae from SHR vs. WKY rats both in intact and chemically permeabilized tissues. In SHR aortae PKC inhibitors enhanced relaxation to Ach to a greater extent as compared to WKY aortae. Furthermore, in the presence of PKC inhibitors, the constrictor responses of SHR aortae to Ach were transformed into relaxant responses, and the concentration-response curve to Ach was shifted to the left. The sensitivity of aortae from SHR to authentic nitric oxide (NO) was lowere compared to WKY rats. EC50s for authentic NO in SHR and WKY rat aortae were different: –2.9 ± 0.15 × 10–6 M and 4.58 ± 0.1 × 10–7 M (n = 15, p < 0.001), respectively. Bioassay experiments using SHR aortae showed that the addition of chelerythrine (10–6 M) to the detector superfusate caused relaxation during treatment of the donor segment with Ach, indicating that the sensitivity of the aortae to NO had been restored. When SHR detector ring was substituted for denuded aortae from WKY rats and PKC inhibitors were not added to the detector superfusate, the relaxation of the detector aortae was also close to the normal Ach-induced relaxation. WKY aortae demonstrated a positive relationship between Ach-stimulated NO release and relaxant response amplitudes (correlation coefficient r = 0.905, p < 0.001, n = 10). In contrast, there was a significant negative correlation in SHR aortae (r = –0.712, p < 0.05, n = 10). Detection of NO release by chemiluminescence showed no significant difference in NO release in SHR and WKY aortae. Taken together, these data suggest that the blunted endothelium-dependent relaxations seen in SHR aortae are mainly due to a decreased sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to EDRF/NO resulting from an increased PKC activity.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of quercetin-filled phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCLs) on peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-induced cardiac arrhythmias. Experiments were done using different experimental models, including isolated rat papillary muscle, Langendorff perfused rat hearts, and anesthetized animals. Being exogenously applied in a concentration greater than 50 microM, ONOO- caused inhibition of isometric twitch amplitude in isolated papillary muscles and led to an appearance of arrhythmias. Decomposed ONOO- had no similar effects and reversibly increased twitch amplitude. Authentic nitric oxide (NO, 100 microM) did not produce arrhythmias and had no significant effect on twitch amplitude. Verapamil and ruthenium red were with-out effect on ONOO- -induced arrhythmias, whereas tetrodotoxin and nicorandil effectively prevented arrhythmias development. Ouabain increased the arrhythmogenic effect of ONOO-. ONOO- significantly decreased coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and mean left-ventricular pressure (MLVP) in the Langendorff perfused rat heart and produced severe arrhythmias. Authentic nitric oxide (NO) decreased CPP and MLVP insignificantly and resulted in a low incidence of arrhythmias. The NO donor SIN-1 in doses greater than 50 microM led to the appearance of low-incidence arrhythmias in anesthetized rats. Intraventricular injection of ONOO- promotes the appearance of a high incidence of arrhythmias in anesthetized rats and decreased MLVP. PCLs filled with the antioxidant quercetin restored normal cardiac contractility in both isolated tissues and anesthetizes animals. In conclusion, we hypothesized that ONOO-, but not its decomposed products, can initiate membrane lipid peroxidation and damage the phospholipid environment of ionic channels in myocardial cell plasma membranes inducing abnormal cardiac action potentials, arrhythmogenesis, and contractile dysfunction. Quercetin-filled PCL provide reliable protection against peroxynitrite-induced myocardial injury in isolated cardiac tissues and anesthetized animals primarily as a result of the decomposition of endogenously formed ONOO-.
Відомо, що у розвитку серцево-судинних ускладнень за цукрового діабету зна-чну роль відіграє порушення функціонування ендотелію. До того ж на сьогодні пато-фізіологічний зв'язок між високою концентрацією глюкози та судинною дисфункцією все ще має багато невизначеностей. Тому в роботі було досліджено ендотелійзалеж-ну дилатацію кільцевих сегментів аорти здорових щурів за умов гіперглікемії та діа-бетичних до та після впливу кверцетинвмісних фосфатидилхолінових ліпосом (пре-парат Ліпофлавон®) у разі застосування як in vitro, так і in vivo. Реєстрацію змін су-динного тонусу здійснювали в ізометричному режимі. Усі дані представлено у вигля-ді середнього арифметичного (М) і стандартної похибки середнього арифметичного (m) для певної вибірки (n). У день досліду діабетичні тварини (стрептозотоцин, 65 мг/ кг) демонстрували в 4 рази вищий рівень глюкози у крові, ніж контрольна група, а також знижені дилататорні реакції на ацетилхолін (АХ, 1 нМ-10 мкМ) попередньо скорочених норадреналіном (НА, 1 мкМ) ізольованих сегментів аорти. Інкубація за умов гіперглікемії (25 мМ/л глюкози) призводила до залежного від тривалості інкуба-ції (4 або 6 год) зниження дилатації порівняно із нормоглікемічними (5,5 мМ/л) умо-вами. Аплікація Ліпофлавону® (3 мкг/мл за кверцетином) до камери зі скороченими НА судинними сегментами аорти діабетичних щурів призвела до зниження їх тоніч-ного напруження. Після цього судинні препарати демонстрували зростання дилата-ції на АХ порівняно із діабетичними судинами без аплікації Ліпофлавону®. Внутріш-ньовенне введення Ліпофлавону® в обох концентраціях (15 мг/кг або 50 мг/кг у пере-рахунку на лецитин-стандарт або 0,4 мг/кг і 1,4 мг/кг у перерахунку на кверцетин) призводило до відновлення дилататорних реакцій до контрольного рівня. Отримані дані підтверджують, що гіперглікемія є одним із основних факторів, які призводять до порушення ендотелійзалежної дилатації судин. Препарат Ліпофлавон® справляє відновлювальний ефект на пригнічену ендотелійзалежну дилатацію ізольованих су-динних сегментів щурів із експериментальним діабетом. Тому можна стверджувати, що даний препарат має значні перспективи у лікуванні діабетичних ангіопатій.Ключові слова: судинні ускладнення цукрового діабету, ендотеліальна дис-функція, кверцетин, Ліпофлавон®.Biol. Stud. 2013: 7(3); 47-58 •
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.