Background:Infusion therapy through intravenous (IV) access is a therapeutic option used in the treatment of many hospitalized patients. IV therapy is complex, potentially dangerous and error prone. The objectives were to ascertain the drug-related problems (DRPs) involved in IV medication administration and further to develop strategies to reduce and prevent the occurrence of DRPs during IV administration.Materials and Methods:A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 4 months. Patients receiving more than two medications through IV route were included and studied.Results:Of 110 patients, 76 (69.09%) were male and the rest were female. Nearly, half of the patients (46.3%, n = 51) were reported with DRPs. Of the 80 DRPs (72.72%) documented, 61 problems (55.4%) were seen in patients given IV medications through peripheral line. Among the DRPs majority seen were incompatibilities (40.9%, n = 45), followed by complications developed (12.7%, n = 14), errors in rate of administration (10.9%), and dilution errors (8%). To study the association of DRPs among gender, statistical analysis was performed and significant association was seen between DRPs and gender (P = 0.03).Conclusion:Among the reported DRPs, simultaneous IV administration of two incompatible drugs was the main predicament faced.

The present study evaluated the protective action of calcium dobesilate (CDO) in various experimental models of cataract. CDO was studied in hydrocortisone-induced cataract in developing chick embryos and selenite-induced cataract in pups. CDO anti-cataract activity was also evaluated after oral and topical application as eye drops in galactose (30%) fed rats. This study was further extended to evaluate the intraocular penetration of a single dose of 1% CDO (50 microL) in rabbits. CDO exhibited significant protection against cataract in experimental models and considerable penetration after single topical application. Anti-cataract activity may be due to its antioxidant as well as aldose reductase inhibitor properties. Further studies are in progress to evaluate its clinical efficacy in diabetic cataract.

Plasma imatinib levels may be of benefit in patients not achieving desired response at defined time intervals. The plasma level monitoring also helps in the assessment of drug compliance.

Background:Several synthetic drugs are useful in the treatment of peptic ulcer, but almost of these drugs are used in prolonging time, it may cause several adverse reactions. However, the herbal medicines are more potent to the treatment and minimize the side effects.Objective:To evaluate the methanol extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. (MEJG) for gastro protective activity against Wistar rats.Materials and Methods:Anti-ulcer potency of MEJG (100 and 200 mg/kg, b.w.) was assessed using aspirin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) plus pylorus ligation ulcer model and the parameters studied were ulcer index (UI), gastric juice volume, pH, total acidity, and total acid output. Same extract was studied by ethanol-induced (80%, 5 mL/kg, intragastrically) ulcer model, and the UI and biochemical parameters were studied.Results:The oral administration of MEJG (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) attenuated the ulcer score and anti-secretary parameters (such as the volume of gastric content, free acidity, total acidity, and total acid output) in the aspirin plus pylorus ligation rats. The extract also significantly attenuated (P < 0.001) ulcer score in ethanol-induced ulcer model and lipid peroxidation level and significantly increased the level of glutathione peroxides, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity. The MEJG may possess active constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and terpenes, which may play a major role in gastroprotective effect in Wistar rats.Conclusion:The present study provides scientific support for the anti-ulcer activities of extracts of JG and also claimed that antioxidant potential of the extracts. However, substantiates the traditional claims for the usage of this drug in the treatment of gastric ulcer.SUMMARY The methanolic extract of jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. for gastro protective activity against aspirin plus pyloric ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models was studied in Wistar rats. JG shows significantly attenuated the ulcer score in both models. And also attenuated in anti-secretory parameters in aspirin induced ulcer model. MEJG may possess active constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and terpenes, which may play a major role in gastroprotective effect in Wistar rats. Abbreviation Used: MEJG: Methanolic extract of jatropha gossypiifolia, mg: Milli gram, kg: Kilogram, b.w.: Body weight, p.o.: Per oral, UI: Ulcer index, pH: Concentration of H+ ion, mL: Milli litre, JG: Jatropha gossypiifolia,USD: United States Dollar, NSAIDs: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, v/v: Volume by volume, w/v: Weight by volume, SCMC: Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, g: Gram, h: Hour, °C: Degree centigrade, n: Number, Rpm: Rotation per minute, Min: Minute, N: Normality, NaoH: Sodium hydroxide, mM - Millimole, TBA: Thiobarbituric acid, nmol: Nanomole, nm: Nanometer, GPx: Glutathione peroxidase, GSH: Reduced glutathione, H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, ANOVA: Analysis of Variance, μmol: Micromole

Background: Since leprosy bacilli cannot grow in vitro, testing for antimicrobial resistance against Mycobacterium leprae or assessing the anti-leprosy activity of new drugs remains hard. Furthermore, developing a new leprosy drug through the traditional drug development process is not economically captivating for pharmaceutical companies. As a result, repurposing existing drugs/approved medications or their derivatives to test their anti-leprotic potency is a promising alternative. It is an accelerated method to uncover different medicinal and therapeutic properties in approved drug molecules. Aim: The study aims to explore the binding potential of anti-viral drugs such as Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, and Lamivudine (TEL) against Mycobacterium leprae using molecular docking. Methods: The current study evaluated and confirmed the possibility of repurposing anti-viral drugs such as TEL (Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, and Lamivudine) by transferring the graphical window of the BIOVIA DS2017 with the Crystal Structure of a phosphoglycerate mutase gpm1 from Mycobacterium leprae (PDB ID:4EO9). Utilizing the smart minimizer algorithm, the protein's energy was reduced in order to achieve a stable local minima conformation. Results: The protein and molecule energy minimization protocol generated stable configuration energy molecules. The protein 4EO9 energy was reduced from 14264.5 kcal/mol to -17588.1 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The CHARMm algorithm-based CDOCKER run docked all three molecules (TEL) inside the 4EO9 protein binding pocket (Mycobacterium leprae). The interaction analysis revealed that tenofovir had a better binding molecule with a score of -37.7297 kcal/mol than the other molecules.