An exhaustive 'H and 13C NMR analysis of the Strychnos alkaloids strychnine, brucine, Wieland Gumlich aldehyde, diaboline, hemitoxiferin-I, 10-methoxy-0-demethyltsilanine, toxiferine-I, and strychnospermine and their derivatives is presented. The data have been used for the solution of a variety of configurational and conformational problems.

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In addition to feretoside and gardenoside previously described,. five other iridoids are isolated from Feretia apodanthera stem and root barks: geniposidic acid 1 and 10-desacetylasperulosidic acid 2 already known, as well as three new compounds: I 1-methyl ixoside 3, apodanthoside 4 .and 10-ethyl apodanthoside 5.. Their structures are deduced from spectroscopic analysis ('H and 13C NMR, chemical ionization mass spectrometry) and proved by chemical correlations.

SynopsisThe main purpose of this article is to define multiple emulsions, their preparation (new materials and manufacturing processes) methods of characterisation and analysis, and their applications in cosmetology and pharmacy.The second part is devoted to a presentation of the investigation in our laboratory into the optimal manufacturing process to provide stable formulations. The study of release mechanisms from such formulations mainly shows a breakdown of multiple droplets which could be controlled by variation of solute concentration. Rkumt!Le principal objectif de cet article a consiste, dans une premitre partie, heffectuer une presentation gtntrale des tmulsions multiples, tant sur le plan de la dtfinition, de I'obtention (matitres premibres, mode de fabrication) que des mtthodes de caractirisation et d'analyse et, enfin des difftrentes applications dans les domaines cosmttique et pharmaceutique.La seconde partie est consacrte h la presentation des travaux effectuts dans notre laboratoire et wncerne la mise au point d'une proddure de fabrication optimale et la rtalisation de formulations stables. L'ttude des mecanismes de liberation ?I partir de telles formulations est prtsentbe. 11 est possible d'envisager lartalisation de systtmes ?I liberation contrdlte qui s'effectuerait par tclatement des globules et qui serait modulte en faisant varier le gradient de concentration des esptces dissoutes.