Total quality management (TQM) is a management philosophy, a paradigm, a continuous improvement approach for doing business through a new management model. The TQM philosophy evolved from the continuous improvement philosophy with a focus on quality as the main dimensions of business. Under TQM emphasising the quality of the product or service predominates. TQM expands beyond statistical process control to embrace a wider scope of management activities of how we manage people and organisations by focusing on the entire process, not just simple measurements. TQM is a comprehensive management system followed by most of the organisations in the corporate world which focuses on customer focus, continuous improvement, involvement of every one and maximising the performances of processes. The effective use of various TQM tools and their correct use as a part of the company wide total quality initiative have an impact on the quality of the products and services offered by the organisations. In this paper, the concept, the need, the type of tools and the extent of implementation of this concept in various organisations in and around Bangalore, employee involvement levels and benefits obtained through this concept implementation were studied.Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Ramesh, N. and Ravi, A. (2013) 'TQM tools and techniques in promoting team working culture in the manufacturing organisations', Int. J. Productivity and Quality Management, Vol. 12, No. 4, Biographical notes: Nagarajan Ramesh is a Quality Professional from manufacturing sector with over 22 years of industrial experience. He has specialised in powder metallurgy, total quality management, project management and various world class manufacturing practices. In his industrial tenure he has devised strategy and implemented the world class manufacturing practices like QMS, EHS, Safety, 5S, Kaizen, QCC, SGA in manufacturing industry and led the organisation to win the prizes in the national level events. He has hands on experience in implementing other WCM practices like TQM, A. Ravi is presently working as a Professor and HOD of MBA Department at Er. Perumal Manimegalai College of Engineering, Hosur, affiliated to Anna University of Technology, Chennai. He has over two decades of teaching experience and presently guiding more than ten research scholars. He has served as a member of Board of Examiners in Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Belgaum, India and Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India for the programme Health Care Management. He has published more than 20 research articles in national and internal journals. He has organised five national and international conferences and conducted many workshops and management development programmes for management professionals. He has served as Convener for the Students Exchange Programme at Regional Levels. Presently he is pursuing his 2nd PhD in Health Care Management in Alagappa University, Karaikudi, and Tamil Nadu.

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Outsourcing refers to the concept of delegating certain tasks to an external team. It can be a differentiating factor that can aid an organization gain a competitive advantage. Consultants can bring valuable experience on domain knowledge, interdisciplinary applications, and benefits from economies of scale. From ensuring effective use of resources to venturing into uncharted sectors, outsourcing can have a myriad of benefits for a project team. Similar to most business processes, there is an inherent trade-off that needs to be made when outsourcing. Risk management protocols are required when outsourcing, to balance execution control and collaborate effectively. Within the scope of IT projects, this research aims to survey the various methods of strategic outsourcing and the contexts in which they operate. Further sections attempt to analyze case studies based on the aforementioned aspects. Based on the available literature, the research consolidates best practices in outsourcing and presents recommendations on aligning them with project goals. Finally, the potential concerns that need to be addressed when trying to outsource activities are presented. Therefore, the research to be done within this analysis will look to dissect existing literature to assess current outsourcing practices. Additionally, the research will look for reasons why outsourcing was/is not as successful as it could be, as well as evaluate how outsourcing in IT has changed with the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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