The architecture profession is moving rapidly toward a wholesale research-driven design model of practice, one not peppered with moments of brilliant discovery but saturated with widespread streams of rigorous evidence-based insights. It is a transition now widely acknowledged by firms of all sizes, in all design specialties, all over the world, forever a part of the design landscape at all scales and for all people. Some practitioners and academics see this and understand it, but more need to. Professional sea changes do not present themselves to every generation of practitioners, so for this generation, it is a reality, a privilege, and a tremendous responsibility.

More than half of international construction projects are underperforming. Poorly defined scope of work has been ranked as the one of the highest reasons for poor performance over which owners and construction stakeholders have control. An owner's requirements and expectations are specified during the programming phase of a project and these define a design's scope of work. One focus of Target Value Design (TVD) is making owner's value a primary driver of design by improving project definition during programming-thus optimizing the design phase. While the number of published research articles praising TVD has been increasing, there is a dearth of information regarding the application of architectural programming (AP) to Target Value Design exercises, which engage stakeholders in a design decision making process called Choosing by Advantages (CBA). CBA first requires identification of attributes that are of value to an owner. The purpose of this research was to explore the importance of architectural programming in helping to identify key attributes of value to an owner, and to report on a lean game designed and preliminarily validated by the authors to investigate the accuracy and perception of attribute identification through AP as represented by the game.

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