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This paper reports the results of the direct treatment of PCBs sorbed to solid particles (glass beads and sand) employing the Fenton process. The results obtained with contaminated sandy soils show 98% removal of the original PCB structure and 82% dechlorination, all within a reaction time of 72 hours. The degree of removal was observed to be dependent on the level of congener chlorination. The optimized conditions were: 5% H(2)O(2); 100 ppm Fe(3+); sandy soil mass/volume of oxidizing solution ratio (m/V) of 1/3 g/mL, vigorous agitation and dispensed with the need for heat. Results obtained by applying an integrated desorption treatment followed by photo-Fenton oxidation to sandy soils contaminated with PCBs are also present in this paper. Desorption of PCBs with surfactant solutions took place to an extent of around 90% (92.2% with K-perfluoroalkyl sulfonate, FT800, and 87% with Lineal Alkyl benzene Sulfonate, LAS), while photo-Fenton oxidation at 254 nm achieved degradation percentages close to 100% in 30 minutes for PCBs in solution, both with FT800 (98%) and LAS (97%) surfactants.

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ab s t r ac tA new seawater desalination plant (SWDP) is to be built in Qingdao, China by Befesa Agua, S.A.U. The application of SWDP is to produce drinking water for local residents due to lack of brackish water in north China. Seawater will be treated with membrane technologies to achieve the required water quality. The key process unit operations are ultrafiltration and seawater reverse osmosis. In order to prepare for the detailed design phase and membrane selection, a pilot study was carried out, in which various ultrafiltration product and process concepts were investigated. Among other, submerged and pressurized processes were tested, using inside-out and outside in module configurations, polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylidene fl uoride (PVDF) fibers. Comparative results with these different technologies had been published previously. This publication provides detailed results on the first phase of testing of one of the technologies investigated: pressurized, outside-in, PVDF-based ultrafi ltration product and process. It shows performance both from a hydraulic point of view as well as the water quality characterization.