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Abstract. The meteorological situation has a significant impact on the propagation of ultrashort radio waves. Refractive index of the atmosphere N is the main radio-meteorological characteristic of UHW propagation. The calculation of N is given on the basis of meteorological data of the atmospheric-soil measuring complex located on the basis of the measuring station in the village. Sosnovo-Ozerskoe, Eravninsky District, Republic of Buryatia. The regional features of the behavior refractive index in Buryatia, Yakutia and Mongolia are considered. The comparison with similar studies carried out on the basis of meteorological data from 1958-1977 was made. Global climate changes did not have a significant impact on the radio meteorological situation in the region was revealed.

The values of the atmospheric refraction index N for ultra-short radio waves for the territory of Buryatia according to the data of meteorological stations were calculated. The monthly average values N contours maps for the central months of the seasons of 2020 were constructed. It is shown the humidity of Lake Baikal and the relief significantly influence N. On average, the values of the refractive index near the lake are 20–30 N-units higher. It is revealed the monthly average N values have maxima in winter and summer with minimums in spring and autumn, with the main maximum occurring in July.

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Background: Soil moisture affects the moisture content of forest fuels and therefore flammability. However, due to the lack of a previously long series of soil moisture data based on observations, previous studies have taken into account fuel and soil moisture by calculating special indices based on meteorological indicators. The growing availability of soil moisture data is now making their inclusion in forest fire risk assessments more feasible. Sources of soil moisture information generally fall into one of three broad categories: in situ measurements, satellite remote sensing, and models. There are no open data on soil moisture measurements, and the soil temperature data series ends in 2013 in Russia.Results: In our work, we present a tool for monitoring soil parameters SMAT-meter. The device is designed for autonomous automatic measurement of soil moisture and temperature, and data transmission to the Recorder Control Center via cellular communication. Power is supplied by a solar panel. SMAT-meter measurements will provide in situ soil moisture and temperature data for forest fire hazard modeling.Conclusions: SMART-meter allows you to organize monitoring of the hydrothermal regime of soils. Weather station data covers the need for atmospheric meteorological data. Copies of the SMAT-meter on various types of soils, organized in a network, in conjunction with weather stations, can provide comprehensive monitoring of the onset of forest fire danger.