Coconut (Cocos nucifera) contains 55-65% oil, having C12

Cold pressed and hexane extracted moringa seed oils (CPMSO and HEMSO) were evaluated for their physico-chemical and stability characteristics. The iodine value, saponification value and unsaponifiable matter of CPMSO and HEMSO were found to be 67.8 and 68.5 g I2 / 100 g oil, 190.4 and 191.2 mg KOH / g oil and 0.59 and 0.65%, respectively. The total tocopherols of CPMSO and HEMSO were found to be 95.5 and 90.2 mg/Kg. The fatty acid composition of CPMSO and HEMSO showed oleic acid as the major fatty acid (78-79%). The oxidative, thermal and frying stabilities of the CPMSO were compared with commercial raw and refined groundnut oil (GNO and RGNO). The CPMSO was of adequate thermal stability and better oxidative stability as it showed 79% lesser peroxide formation than GNO. The frying stability of CPMSO was better as it showed lower increase in free fatty acid (28%), peroxide value (10 meq O2/Kg) and color (25%) than RGNO (48%, 22 meq O2/kg and 52%, respectively) after frying.

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Commercially available niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) seed was investigated to evaluate the effect of extraction solvent on oil and bioactives composition. For this purpose, niger seeds were subjected to solvent extraction using solvents of different polarity, viz., hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and ethanol. The oil content of niger seeds obtained after extraction with solvents of different polarities was in the range of 31.8-41.3 g/100 g. The extracted oil was characterized by the following parameters: color (40.0-95.0 Lovibond units), free fatty acids (3.6-12.3 g/100 g), peroxide value (3.2-7.8 mequiv O 2 /kg), iodine value (137.6-140.3 cg I 2 /g), saponification value (177.3-185.9 mg KOH/g) and unsaponifiable matter (1.3-4.3 g/100 g). Among fatty acids, linoleic acid (69.4-73.2 %) was the major fatty acid and trilinolein (31.2-33.4 %) was the major triacylglycerol. The composition of bioactive molecules was 171.9-345.8 ppm of total tocopherols; 247.1-2,647.7 ppm of total phenolics; 1,249.6-6,309.3 ppm of total sterols and 18.9-181.0 ppm of total carotenoids. Among the tocopherols, a-tocopherol was the major component with 154-276 ppm. Of the total phenolics, vanillic acid with 176-1,709 ppm was the major phenolic compound in the oil extracted using different solvents. Ethanol-extracted oil showed a 13.9-fold better oxidative stability and a higher radical scavenging activity (IC 50 value of 9.2 mg/mL) compared to hexane-extracted oil (IC 50 value of 40.3 mg/mL). This is probably the first report of its kind on solvent extractability of bioactives of niger seed.