This work describes the production of two clinically relevant metal radioisotopes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with a medical cyclotron by the irradiation of liquid targets. New results are presented for the implementation of this methodology in a fully automated system, using commercially available equipment. Liquid target solutions containing enriched [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were loaded, bombarded and transferred to synthesis modules where a purified solution containing the desired radiometal is obtained and can then be used to further radiolabeling within only one hour after End-Of-Bombardment (EOB). Typical production runs using enriched material lead to the production of 5 GBq and 6 GBq (0.14 MBq/([Formula: see text]Ah ⋅ mg) and 1.5 MBq/([Formula: see text]Ah ⋅ mg)) of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]; although the technique can be used to obtain up to 25 GBq and 40 GBq, respectively, by simply scaling up the amount of the enriched material. Purified solutions containing [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were obtained within 30 min after EOB and used to produce [Formula: see text]-ATSM and [Formula: see text]–DOTA–NOC, respectively, with quality parameters suitable for human use.

Here we report a two-step surface modification methodology to radiolabel small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) with 64 CuCl 2 for PET/MRI imaging. The modification did not change or damage the morphology, surface receptor proteins and internal RNA content. Radiolabeled SEVs could be detected in organs with low accumulation such as the brain (0.4-0.5% ID/g) and their brain location determined by MRI.SEVs are nanovesicles, with sizes ranging between 30 and 200 nm, secreted by cells.

No abstract

Methamphetamine (METH) triggers a disruption of the monoaminergic system and METH abuse leads to negative emotional states including depressive symptoms during drug withdrawal. However, it is currently unknown if the acute toxic dosage of METH also causes a long-lasting depressive phenotype and persistent monoaminergic deficits. Thus, we now assessed the depressive-like behaviour in mice at early and long-term periods following a single high METH dose (30 mg/kg, i.p.). METH did not alter the motor function and procedural memory of mice as assessed by swimming speed and escape latency to find the platform in a cued version of the water maze task. However, METH significantly increased the immobility time in the tail suspension test at 3 and 49 days post-administration. This depressive-like profile induced by METH was accompanied by a marked depletion of frontostriatal dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, indicated by a reduction in the levels of dopamine, DOPAC and HVA, tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin, observed at both 3 and 49 days post-administration. In parallel, another neurochemical feature of depression--astroglial dysfunction--was unaffected in the cortex and the striatal levels of the astrocytic protein marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, were only transiently increased at 3 days. These findings demonstrate for the first time that a single high dose of METH induces long-lasting depressive-like behaviour in mice associated with a persistent disruption of frontostriatal dopaminergic and serotonergic homoeostasis.

Olefin hydroformylation is a widely used process, both on large scales and in fine chemistry, with catalyst reuse still being one of the main objectives. In recent years, developments in the immobilization of catalysts on solid supports that enable their recovery and reuse when applied in catalytic hydroformylations of aromatic and aliphatic olefins have resulted in a boost in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. This review presents the most relevant results reported over the last five years with regard to the development and use of supported catalysts in mesoporous materials, hydrotalcite, carbon materials, and nanoparticles for catalytic hydroformylation of olefins. A critical analysis of the results, especially in the context of reusability and leaching issues, is presented.