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Objective:Cancers represent one of the leading cause of mortality/morbidity in patients with HIV (PWH) in industrialized countries. The objective of our study was to compare incidence of lung and human papilloma virus (HPV)-related cancers among PWH with general population over the 2010–2017 period.Design:Prospective and multicenter cohort study.Methods:The study included patients with lung and HPV-related cancers from the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort (PWH) and the general population-based cancer registry in Gironde area. We calculated incidence rates for 100 000 person-years and incidence rate ratios (IRR).Results:Among the 3572 PWH, 70 cancers were diagnosed in 68 patients including 35 lung and 35 HPV-related cancers (18 oropharyngeal, 11 anal, 6 cervix). Incidence rates of lung and HPV-related-cancers were 311.1 in PWH and 209.8 in general population for 100 000 person-years, respectively. IRR were significantly increased in PWH for lung 1.8 [1.4–2.2] and HPV-related cancer 1.3 [1.0–1.6] and particularly high for patients between 40 and 49 years old [IRR 4.4 (2.3–8.4) for lung cancer and 3.7 (2.1–6.5) for HPV-related cancer].Conclusion:We emphasized the persistent high risk of lung and HPV-related cancer despite advent of antiretroviral therapies, particularly in the age strata of 40–49 years. Screening procedures should take into account this finding.