This paper presents a transmission. line model for the simulation of electromagnetic transients in power systems. The model can be applied to both overhead lines and cables, even in the presence of a strongly frequency dependent transformation matrix and widely different modal time delays. This has been achieved through a phase domain formulation where the modal characteristics have been utilized in the approximation for the propagation matrix. High computational efficiency is achieved by grouping modes with nearly equal velocities, and by columnwise realization of the matrices for propagation and characteristic admittance.

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A method is developed to reduce large power systems to single and multi-port frequency dependent equivalents. h e equivalents consist of simple RLC moduh that faithfilly reproduce the frequency characteristics of the netwok The method is implemented in the EMTP and has been extensively tested at Ontario Hydro. The implementation involws a pre-processor program to generate the model: the Frequency Depena!ent Equivalent Fz)NE), and a EM= time step b o p module to calculate the transient response. zhe use of the " E results in major reductions in computer time and is especially beneficial for multi-case statistical EMW stdies. An example showing the accuracy and e c i e n c y of the IDhE when used to reduce a large 51x) kV network is presented.

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