<p class="p1"><span class="s1">The time of eruption of permanent teeth in the children between the ages of 7 to 8 vary greatly. Such eruption time deviations result from both general and site related factors. The research involved determining the time of permanent teeth eruption in the early mixed dentition based of the results of the preventive examination of the children of Yekaterinburg. There were determined certain deviations from the average time of teeth eruption which is indicative of the necessity to update the relevant information about every region of the country. Some gender differences in permanent teeth eruption are also noteworthy. Earlier permanent teeth eruption is more characteristic of girls rather than boys. asymmetric eruption of the upper incisors is typical of all children. Supervising permanent teeth eruption and dental occlusion formation plays a pivotal role in the work of a pediadontist and children’s orthodontist. </span></p>

Relevance. Malocclusion prevention in Russian children is an urgent medical and social problem. The results of Russian epidemiological studies show malocclusion prevalence and severity increase in children with age. Postgrowth orthodontic treatment is costly and often inaccessible for the most population. In the current situation, malocclusion prevention organization in children is one of the most important tasks of public healthcare.Purpose. To propose and substantiate a new model for the prevention of severe malocclusion in children.Materials and methods. We have created a new conceptual model for the prevention of severe malocclusion in children to develop a methodology that provides unified approaches to malocclusion prevention.Results. The model involves the construction of a two-level system of pediatric preventive care based in the city, municipal multidisciplinary dental clinics. The model novelty is determined by the new concept of the primary prevention of malocclusion and early orthodontic treatment (EOT) processes to prevent severe malocclusion (secondary prevention) as a single system that provides a positive result in maxillofacial development in children. The introduction of a pediatric dentist as an operator and a coordinator of the prevention program implementation into the structure of preventive care for children's malocclusion determines the novelty of the prevention system conceptual model. The proposed conceptual model prioritizes an orthodontist who provides secondary prevention of severe malocclusion by early orthodontic treatment (EOT) to children during the growth and development of malocclusions. The introduction of a malocclusion assessment to identify the EOT need score also determines the novelty of the malocclusion secondary prevention subsystem. The model places a high value on the management function/ management issues. Severe malocclusion prevention program implementation in children requires changing the paradigm of doctors, namely, pediatric dentists and orthodontists.Conclusion. The presented concept of the two-level malocclusion prevention organization (primary prevention of malocclusion in toddlers and preschoolers and secondary prevention of severe malocclusion by EOT in children aged 3-12 years) will allow for the reduction of the number of severe malocclusions during dental and facial development and for the need of complex treatment at later stages, will contribute to children health preservation, their social adaptation and the child and family quality of life increase.

Background. The frequency of dentoalveolar anomalies and the severity of dentoalveolar disorders in children increases with age. Early orthodontic treatment allows to take advantage of the growth and eruption of teeth and stop pathological development before significant compensatory deformities of the dentition occur, which are more difficult to treat. Aim. To study the long-term results of early orthodontic treatment of children aged 35 years. Material and methods. A prospective study of the long-term results of orthodontic treatment in 50 children aged 35 years was carried out. The state of the dentoalveolar system of children was analyzed: the magnitude of the disproportion in the sagittal, transversal and vertical directions; direction and magnitude of displacement of the lower jaw; the presence of anomalies in the development of teeth before and 3.5 years after treatment. Statistical analysis was carried out using the program Statistica 13.3. The ShapiroWilk and KolmogorovSmirnov tests, asymmetry and kurtosis indicators, and the Student's test were used. Results. A high frequency (52%) of cases of severe occlusion disorders was revealed (occlusion disorders in two planes 44%, in three 8%). Often there was a displacement of the lower jaw 72%. These disorders require early orthodontic treatment. When analyzing the results of early orthodontic treatment after 3.5 years, physiological occlusion was established in 86% of cases: a decrease in the size of the direct sagittal fissure (before treatment 3.92.5, after treatment 1.11.5; p=0.000005); elimination of the reverse sagittal fissure (before treatment 0.80.5, after treatment 0.030.1; p=0.000000); decrease in the depth of vertical overlap (before treatment 4.60.6, after treatment 2.21.1; p=0.000043); elimination of the vertical gap (before treatment 3.121.3, after treatment 1.02.0; p=0.05011); elimination of exocclusion (before treatment 4.92.3, after treatment 0.30.9, p=0.000000); elimination of endocclusion (before treatment 5.50.7, after treatment 0.70.3, p=0.033475); elimination of the displacement of the lower jaw. In 14% of cases in children, the occlusion was not ideal, while the physiological development of the dentition was noted. Conclusion. Early orthodontic treatment of children aged 35 years can eliminate severe disorders and, in most cases, create conditions for the physiological development of the dentoalveolar system.

The scientific research is dedicated to studying of treatment problems of mesial malocclusion with the anterior mandible shift among preschool aged children (in the period of temporary dentition). The point of the study is to demonstrate the effect of treating mesial malocclusion associated with the mandible anterior shift and reverse overjet in a clinical case description. During the research of a clinical case long term results were analyzed. The method of treating mesial malocclusion associated with the mandible anterior shift and reverse overjet included usage of the original appliance. The appliance was also supposed to lead to harmonic development of a child’s oro-facial area. The analysis showed advantages of the suggested original orthodontic appliance. The malocclusion was corrected in a short time (3 months), that let us develop physiological jaws and teeth arches relationships and to resolve mandible side shifting before the central incisors erupted. During the eruption permanent incisors take their place and establish the proper overjet, that creates physiological conditions for harmonic oro-facial development. The result is stable over time. The appliance is easy to use and to adapt by children and has a good fixation in oral cavity. Thus, the suggested orthodontic appliance could be recommended for treatment of mesial malocclusion associated with the mandible anterior shifting among preschool aged children.

Distance learning and education have become firmly established in the life of higher education during the pandemic, creating many reasons for discussion. A lot of theory, a decrease in the level of communication, and a lack of practical training played an important role in the training of dentists. Analysis of the results of the questionnaire survey of 91 students and 21 teachers of the Faculty of Dentistry of USMU showed that students are better adapted to the distance format than teachers. For studying at the Faculty of Dentistry, online lectures and face-to-face practical classes have been successful. The effectiveness of learning can be increased by providing students and teachers with free access to the maximum number of educational resources, improving the level of technical equipment and the quality of Internet access. The ethics of distance learning is of great importance, in particular, the regulation of the interaction between the teacher and the student.