La présente étude a été conduite dans le but de déterminer et de comparer l'activité antifongique de deux huiles essentielles issues de Melaleuca quinquenervia L. et Eucalyptus platyphylla F. Muell. à celle de deux fongicides de synthèse (le tébuconazole et la spiroxamine) sur Deightoniella torulosa (Syd.) Ellis, un champignon de la phyllosphère des bananiers et bananiers plantains cultivés en Côte-d'Ivoire. Ces huiles ont été additionnées au milieu de culture du champignon (PDA) à différentes concentrations. Elles se sont montrées toxiques sur le champignon en réduisant considérablement la croissance mycélienne et en inhibant la production de spores respectivement aux doses de 7 000 et 10 000 ppm. Les produits de synthèse ont eu une activité élevée en fonction des concentrations utilisées. Ils sont hautement toxiques pour Deightoniella torulosa avec des CI 50 largement inférieures à celles des huiles essentielles. Les huiles essentielles peuvent constituer un moyen de lutte biologique efficace contre Deightoniella torulosa. Mots clés : Bananiers -Bananiers plantains -Deightoniella torulosa -Fongicides de synthèse -Huiles essentiellesLutte biologiqueBiological fight against Deightoniella torulosa (Syd.) Ellis, a fungus of banana leaves by application of Eucalyptus platyphylla F. Muell. and Melaleuca quinquenervia L. essential oils Abstract: The present study was to determine and compare in vitro the antifungal activity of two essential oils from Melaleuca quinquenervia L. and Eucalyptus platyphylla F. Muell. with those of two synthetic fungicides (tebuconazole and spiroxamine) on Deightoniella torulosa (Syd.) Ellis, a pathogenic fungus of bananas and plantains in Côte-d'Ivoire. These oils were added to PDA medium at various concentrations. They showed a toxic activity by reducing considerably the mycelia growth and by inhibiting the production of spore respectively at 7,000 and 10,000 ppm. The synthetic fungicides had a high activity according to their concentrations. They are highly toxic on Deightoniella torulosa with IC 50 widely lower than those of essential oils. Thus, essential oils can be an effective biological product to control Deightoniella torulosa.
RESUMEEn industrie alimentaire, l'on est soucieux de développer des nouveaux produits, à base d'amidons natifs résistants à certains traitements industriels connus pour leur altération de la structure des gels d'amidon. Ainsi, plusieurs amidons issus des variétés de manioc (Yacé, Bounda 1, Anango agba, TMS 4 (2) 1425, IM 89, Yavo) ont été obtenus. La taille, le pouvoir de gonflement et de solubilité, les propriétés d'empesage, la clarté et le pourcentage de synérèse à -18 °C pendant 6 semaines, de ces amidons ont été étudiés. Les résultats montrent que le diamètre moyen des grains d'amidon s'est situé entre 10,9 µm (Anango agba et IM89) et 15 µm (Yacé). La température de gélatinisation a varié entre 66 °C pour yavo et 69 °C pour TMS 4 (2) 1425. La température au pic a varié entre 75 °C (Yavo) et 81 °C (Anango agba). Le pouvoir de gonflement et de solubilité de ces amidons a varié, respectivement entre 30,9 -35,5 g d'eau g-1 d'amidon et 13,1 -25 % d'amidon solubilisé. L'amidon natif de des variétés de manioc étudiées n'a présenté aucune synérèse après 6 semaines (soit 42 j) de conservation à -18 °C. La clarté a varié de 36,6 (Yacé) à 52,9 % T (TMS 4 (2) 1425). L'étude des propriétés fonctionnelles des amidons natifs a laissé entrevoir de nouvelles opportunités de marché pour ces racines. Mots-clés :Manioc, gonflement et solubilité, viscosité, amidon. ABSTRACT FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF SIX CASSAVA VARIETIESIndustries are constantly searching for local starch that is resistant to certain industrial processes, which are known to alter the structure of the starch gel. Thus, several starch materials obtained from 6 cassava varieties (Yacé, Bounda 1, Anango agba, TMS4 (2) 1425, IM 89, Yavo) were studied for their functional properties and pasting characteristics. Results show that the mean diameter of isolated starch granules ranged from 10.9 (Anango agba and IM 89) to 15 µm (Yacé). Gelatinization temperature ranged between 66 °C for Yavo to 69 °C for TMS 4 (2) 1425, with peak temperatures at 75 °C (Yavo) and 81 °C (Anango agba). The swelling and solubility of cassava varieties (at 90 °C) ranged from respectively. Pasting clarity was between 52.9 ± 0.78 and 36.6 ± 0.23. Yacé had the highest clarity and TMS 4 (2) 1425, the lowest. After 6 weeks, syneresis, gel of cassava starches was zero. These results indicate that starches from the 6 cassava varieties can play an important role in the food industry.
The behaviour of starch during tuberization was carried out in order to determine the appropriate yam starch properties for industrial applications. Starch was isolated from "Kponan" variety of D. cayenensisrotundata and submitted to functional properties study. Starch granule size increases with tuber maturation from 23.8 µm at 12 weeks, to 25.1 µm at 24 weeks after planting. Granule shape is the same whatever the degree of tuber maturity. Swelling power and solubility pattern of starch increase with tuber maturation. Starch clarity improved during tuberization as well as gel syneresis. The percentage of transmittance increased during the growth of tuber from 9.96% at 12 weeks to 14.6% at 24 weeks. Past instability is not influenced by the tuber maturity. In general starch harvested at mature state could be used to produce satisfactory starch products.
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