Palliative Schanz proximal femoral valgus osteotomy is considered a common option for treatment of irreducible hip dislocation in cerebral palsy. From 1992 to 2005, Schanz osteotomy was indicated on 55 occasions in 35 nonambulatory patients with the quadriplegic form of cerebral palsy aged 9-18. Postoperatively, the main emphasis focussed on clinical presentation, improvement of hip range of motion, and pain relief. X-rays were carried out at three, six, and 12 months postoperatively with subsequent average follow up 98±4.5 months. In all patients, the range of hip abduction and flexion increased. In 54 (98.2%) cases painful symptoms significantly improved. One patient (1.8%) had a subsequent femoral head excision because of persistent hip pain. Transient hip pain persisted in four patients (7.3%). Schanz valgus osteotomy improves the hip range of motion, relieves pain, and facilitates care of the patient. Schanz femoral osteotomy is a less invasive method compared to proximal femoral excision and should preferably be used in older children with neurogenic hip dislocation in whom reconstructive surgery is not indicated.Résumé L'ostéotomie de Schanz est considérée comme un traitement possible des luxations irréductible chez l'infirme moteur cérébral. De 1992 à 2005, une ostéotomie de Schanz a été réalisée 55 fois chez 35 patients non marchant et présentant une quadriplégie spastique, ces patients étaient âgés de 9 à 18 ans. La surveillance postopératoire a été centrée sur l'examen clinique, l'amélioration de la mobilité et l'amélioration des phénomènes douloureux. Les radios ont été réalisées à 3, 6 et 12 mois postopératoires avec un suivi moyen de 98 mois ± 4,5 mois. Chez tous les patients la mobilité de la hanche en abduction et en flexion s'est améliorée. Dans 54 cas (98,2%) la diminution de la douleur est significative. Un patient (1,8%) a nécessité d'une résection de la tête fémorale du fait de douleurs persistantes. Une douleur transitoire a persisté chez 4 patients (7,3%). L'ostéotomie de Schanz améliore la mobilité et la douleur de ces patients. Cette intervention est peu invasive comparée à la résection de l'extrémité supérieure du fémur et peut être préférée chez les enfants âgés présentant une luxation neurologique pour lesquels il n'est pas possible de réaliser une reconstruction de la hanche.
Operační terapie je nejčastěji indikovaná u spastického typu (formy) dětské mozkové obrny (DMO). V oblasti kyčelních kloubů je nejčastěji addukční postavení s různě vyjádřenou flexí a vnitřní rotací. Kolenní klouby bývají ve flexi, méně často v extenzi, v oblasti hlezna je základní deformitou pes equinus. Vzpřímený stoj je umožněn plantigrádním postavením nohou, extenzí kolen a kyčlí. Vzhledem k tomu, že se jednotlivé oblasti navzájem ovlivňují, je třeba hlezna, kolena a kyčle léčit jako jeden celek Nejčastějším problémem, který musíme řešit v oblasti kolenních kloubů jsou flekční kontraktury, méně často extenční, které jsou způsobeny spasticitou musculus (m.) quadriceps femoris. Dalším problémem je chybění aktivní extenze kolenního kloubu vytažením ligamentum patellae, s tím související vysoký stav pately, která se dostává proximálně mimo interkondylický žlábek. Všechny svaly a jejich nerovnováha může ovlivňovat vývoj kolenního kloubu, způsobit distenzi vazivového aparátu a ovlivňovat sklon kloubních ploch tlakem na epifyzární ploténky (8, 23, 348/PŮVODNÍ PRÁCE ORIGINAL PAPER
PURPOSE OF THE STUDYDerotational subtrochanteric osteotomy as an independent surgical procedure is one of the options for treatment of hip anteversion in adolescent patients with cerebral palsy. In other indications it is one of combined surgical procedures for hip joint reconstruction. MATERIALDuring the 1992-2005 period, derotational subtrochanteric osteotomy was indicated in 74 cases, in ambulatory patients 9 to 18 years old, with diplegic or hemiplegic cerebral plasy. In 63 cases it was used a part of combined surgery. METHODSThe postoperative evaluation was based on clinical and radiographic findings, migration rates and Wiberg's CE angle obtained at 2 and 6 months, and then at each 6 months following surgery. RESULTSDerotational subtrochanteric osteotomy alone always resulted in improvement of clinical status and an increase in Wiberg's CE angle by 10 degrees on average. Patients with marginal or high dislocation showed best results when the hip joint was reconstructed before the age of 9 years. In three hips a recurrent dislocation occurred gradually within one year of surgery. These patients fell back to stage II of the Vojta classification found preoperatively. During the next three years, three more hips developed a recurrent dislocation and two showed lateralization (20 %). DISCUSSIONReconstructive surgery for neurogenic dislocation in patients over 10 years of age is associated with problems, as is derotation combined with varus osteotomy in abductor insufficiency. On the other hand, derotational subtrochanteric osteotomy alone is indicated particularly in children over 10 years, in whom it corrects hip joint anteversion and improves gait. CONCLUSIONSComplete reconstructive procedures should be considered in the first 10 years of life when neither the femoral head nor the acetabulum are markedly changed. Derotative osteotomy alone is preferred to procedures combined with varus osteotomy. In walking adolescent patients, derotative femoral osteotomy alone is recommended; this can exceptionally be used at earlier age if marked asymmetry is present.
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