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The problem of surface waves due to the interaction of a blast-generated shock wave with an ideal incompressible heavy (or light) fluid of infinite depth has been investigated in both two and three dimensions. The wave integrals have been evaluated exactly for arbitrary as well as special pressure distributions on the fluid surface. Asymptotic values of the surface wave elevation have been obtained for large values of time at a large distance from the seat of the applied pressure. Certain peculiarities of the motion are discussed.

It is known that when a localized pressure Po (X2+Z2) 112 exp(iwt) XH(t) is applied on the surface (y=O) of a deep or shallow unbounded non viscous liquid, no energy is transmitted through the liquid for the zeroes of Po ("Ng) , PoCk) being the zero-order Hankel transform of po(r) in r. It is explained here that the effect of viscosity is to ensure a continuous transfer of energy for all values of w.

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The study of the mud balls is one of the most common tools to unravel the flow dynamics, energy conditions, and palaeogeographies for both modern and ancient settings. The present study involves detailed analysis of the concentration, size, shape, and alignment of the long axes of the mud balls in a modern coastal setting of Chandipur, east coast of India. The study was performed throughout two consecutive years, during eight different seasonal intervals. Extensive and thorough investigation on mud balls reveals some significant insight about the multifarious mechanisms of clast formation within this low‐energy micro‐ to meso‐tidal coastal setting. The study also reveals shape‐controlled dispersion of transported mud balls under the action of wave‐generated currents. The eventual orientations of their geometric longest axes are not controlled by their mode of transportation, but by their shape and gravitational stability, fundamentally governed by the mass distribution along that axis. This shape‐controlled dispersive model contradicts a long‐standing convention that long axis orientations of the mud balls with respect to the shore line are often random and governed only by their mode of transportation and locally developed complex flow components along the coast line. In contrast, a difference in seasonal concentration of mud balls appears to be a qualitative measure of the variations in energy conditions of this intertidal setting and consequently degree of coastal erosion.