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It is established that calcium concentration changes (variations) in the water environment significantly influence its intake and distribution in tissues and organs of hydrobionts. The decrease in calcium concentration in water from 100 to 60 mg.L-1 significantly reduces its content in fish liver. In the gills glandular apparatus of fish acclimated to the environment with lower calcium level (in comparison with control one), its concentration on the first day of the acclimation period slightly exceeded the initial level, thus testifying to its possible excretion of endogenous calcium by gills. The increase of calcium excretion through the renal and digestive systems in fish acclimates to the higher water level, and specific changes in phosphates excretion dynamics accompany oral intake. Long keeping fish in water with 100 mg.L-1 calcium is accompanied by the increase of total phosphorus in urine (by 2 – 2.5 times), and its day excretion increases by 1.9 – 2.4 times. During fish acclimation to higher calcium levels in the water environment, the excretion of total phosphorus with faecal matter increases. The increase of calcium in the water environment to 100 mg.L-1 leads to a temporary increase in total phosphorus excretion with faecal issues. The rise in cation concentration to 200 mg.L-1  increases significantly during long-time fish stay in such an environment.

We proved that plants A. cylindrica, T. spelta, T. turgidum, T. sphaerococcum, T. vavilovii, T. persicum, T. araraticum, T. aestivum var. barbarossa, and T. aestivum var. ferrugineum, owning high drought resistance, have a stable high productive potential and quality indicators of grain (protein, gluten, dietary fiber content), that allows use them in the production of products functional purpose (bakery, confectionery, sour-dairy products, including yoghurts, and dessert cheese). Implementation mechanisms are disclosed adaptive potential plants of cultural and wild cereals by biochemical (protein content, gluten, starch in seeds, the presence of gliadin proteins (Glі-1В1, Glі-6D2, Glі-6D3, Glі-6В2), molecular-genetic markers (allele genes of drought resistance – Dreb А1, Dreb В1, Dreb D1; glutenins Glu-D1) and morphological-ontogenetic criteria. For the first time for successful address introduction cultural and wild cereal plants suggested by the criteria of mechanisms drought resistance to rank plants by potential ecological valence regarding the unfavorable hydrothermal regime. Differentiation of genotypes based on elements of plant strategies: features of their ontogeny, morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical parameters, biochemical and molecular-genetic markers. In this connection, genotypes of cultural and wild cereal plants in conditions in sіtu by sensitivity on the effect of hydrothermal stress are divided into xerophytic, mesophytic and intermediate – xerophytic-mesophytic types of development. That's it ranking underlying on the principles of autecological approach, manifestation of a multi-level system of answers plant organisms at different levels of integration, as adaptive reactions. In particular, mechanisms such as: functional stability (stipulated structural and functional features of plants), morphological tolerance (the ability of plants to resist damage without reducing performance), ontogenetic evasion (stability due to features ontogenetic development), ecological plasticity of the organism and plant populations as a whole. The obtained results of the biochemical and molecular genetic markers of adaptability and quality indicators of genotypes cultural (wheat, triticale, rye) and wild cereals (A. cylindrica, T. spelta, T. turgidum and others) are important in breeding and successive targeted use in the food industry are given.

Chronic renal failure is a common pathology among cats. According to various literary sources, this pathology is found in 0.5–14.0% of cats. Pathology in cats in our studies is a consequence of glomerulonephritis. The diagnosis of chronic renal failure established on the basis of clinical, instrumental, and laboratory methods of blood and urine testing. Studies have found that chronic renal failure in cats is clinically characterized by apathy, anorexia, dry skin, odor of urea, vomiting, thirst, occurrence in the mouth of uremic ulcers (9.5% of patients), tachycardia (up to 177 beats per minute) tachypnoea (up to 45 respiratory movements per minute), hypertension. In the urine – hypostenuria, erythrocyturia, leukocyturia, kidney epithelium, hyaline and granular cylinders. According to echosonography – increase in echogenicity of the parenchyma, brain substance echone negative, cortico-brain differentiation erased. In the blood test – normochromic macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperazotemia (up to 27.9 mmol/L), hypercreatininemia (324 μmol/L), hyperuricemia (615 μmol/L), 4.6-fold increase in SDMA (symmetric dimethylargin). In chronic renal failure, cats have a significant change in the elemental composition of the blood. In particular, the Na+ content was increased by 3%, Ca2+ 1.6 times, P 2.1 times. Instead, the K+ level was reduced 1.9 times. Changes in acid-base equilibrium (ABE) were also detected: the pH decreased to 7.22; HCO3– by 34%, total CO2 by 32.3%, while anionic difference (AG) and buffer bases (BE) increased by 1.8 and 3.5 times, respectively. Such changes are characteristic of the development of lactic acidosis. The obtained experimental data on changes in mineral metabolism and acid-base equilibrium in the serum of cats in chronic renal failure supplement and clarify information on the pathogenic pathology of the kidneys in cats aged 5–10 years. Blood biochemical data can be used to improve early-stage diagnostics without clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure, their prevention and treatment, and to solve applied scientific problems in the field of nephrology and urology of small animals.

Abiotic factors of the water environment are essential for the life of hydrobionts. They are determined by two main criteria – the intensity of the impact factor and the tolerance of each species. The work aims to substantiate the adaptive capabilities of this summer's koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) under the influence of low and high temperatures, to compare the coefficients and breathing rhythms of the research objects. Experimental research was carried out in the conditions of the aquarium-basin complex of the Department of Ichthyology and Zoology of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. Two aquariums with a volume of 800 dm3 were used for the experiment. Individuals of approximately the same size and weight (25–30 g) were divided into two groups. The first group of fish was kept at a temperature of 11–14 °C for 30 days, and the second group was kept at a temperature of 24–29 °C for 30 days. During the experiment, there were 20 specimens in each aquarium. This summer koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi). Feeding was carried out with Alltech Coppens Pre Grower feed – 15EF, 2.0 mm. Composition of ingredients (%) per 1 g of feed: raw protein – 50; fats – 15; fiber – 0.80; ash – 8.6; phosphorus – 1.21. In experimental conditions, changes in consumption of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) O2, the release of CO2 and NH3 (per 1 g of live weight in 1 hour) at temperatures of 11–14 °С and 24–29 °С were studied. The consumption of O2 and the release of NH3 in these summers of koi carp at low and high temperatures were compared. The change in respiration (RR) and ammonia (N/O) coefficients in “warm” and “cold” fish with increasing temperature was analyzed. The breathing rhythm and oxygen per breath at different environmental temperatures were determined. Based on the obtained data, the adaptive reactions of this year's koi carp to the influence of reduced and increased temperature indicators of the aquatic environment were determined.