Global warming is an unanimously accepted phenomenon by the international scientific community, being already highlighted by the analysis of observational data over long periods of time, with an increase in temperature of over 1 °C. Climate change in Romania is part of the global context, taking into account the regional conditions, with an increasing trend of arid summer. While the link between high temperatures, climate change and rainfall has been modeled in detail, the situation is not the same for plant water accessibility. The period of time between 1898 and the present, corresponding to the annual records of precipitation and evapotranspiration, overlapped with important political and administrative changes in the studied area, and with extensive hydro-amelioration works. The aim of the paper is to statistically follow the evolution over time of precipitation, namely of evapotranspiration measured in Western Romania, which would allow the expression of conclusions regarding the improvement directions of the water regime. In order to follow the evolution in time of these data, the interval of 1898–2019 was divided into three periods: 1898–1950, 1951–1989 and 1990–2019, respectively. The increase in temperature, especially during the vegetation period and the large number of years in which evapotranspiration quantitatively exceeds the precipitation, indicating the need for effective measures to regulate the water balance.

Historical monuments represent a cultural heritage that humanity has a duty to preserve and conserve. Lately all over the world, scanning these heritage objectives has become a priority, in order to preserve in the smallest details the used architecture. The work aims to complete the cultural heritage for Sânmihaiu Român hydro technical development built between 1912 and 1915, located on the Bega River in Western Romania, through modern mobile scanning technology, Leica Pegasus Backpack, necessary for the creation of a three-dimensional (3D) documentation, for the completion of the cultural heritage, and for the creation of a 3D database. The purpose of the scientific paper is restoring Sanmihaiu Roman Hidro technical Node, subject to degradation, in order to achieve the project “The navigable Bega”, waterway connection to Serbia. Collecting method of LiDAR data is Fused Slam, the acquisition of RINNEX data being made by placing a Leica GS08 Master Station. Visualization of quality graphics has been performed in Quality Control (QC) Tools. The scanning accuracy is between 2 and 3 cm and the 3D data processing was performed with the Cyclone Model version program, with SmartPick Point and Virtual Surveyor functions. The obtained point clouds will be of a great help in order to follow in time the construction which can be used whenever it will be needed by the designers and specialists in the field of hydrotechnics.

The vegetation accounts for the biomass produced by the surface soil layer made up of inorganic elements and exposure to the Sun. The overexploitation of natural resources by heavy industry, excessive agriculture and urban development represent the most important way of biodiversity degradation, leading to the extinction of a large numbers of species. The natural vegetation plays a decisive role in the conservation of plant diversity, of animals and of the biocenosis and of the ecosystems. The goal of the study was the mapping and the delimitation of some protected areas in Timis county, areas of national interest that correspond to the IVth IUCN category (International Union for Conservation of Nature). The measurements taken in the field have been carried out by means of GNSS technology through RTK method, being the most suited by point of view of precision and fastness for recording all the details. The drawing up of the vegetation maps, or of another type, knowing the eco-systemic life layer of the whole living environment which is necessary. The following steps were taken into consideration for the project: field recognition, filed measurement, office works. The methods used in the mapping process are modern methods, and allowed the delimitation of the studied areas and their transposition in a compatible format, used in many sectors of activity: CAD or GIS.

Image analysis methods were developed and diversified greatly in recent years due to increasing speed and accuracy in providing information regarding land cover and vegetation in urban areas. The aim of this paper is to process satellite images for monitoring agricultural areas. Satellite images used in this study are medium and high resolution images taken from QuickBird and SPOT systems. Based on these images, a supervised classification was performed of a very large area, having as result the land use classes. Supervised classification can be defined as the ability to group the pixels that compose the satellite image, digitally, in accordance with their real significance. Gaussian algorithm of maximum similarity (Maximum likelihood) was used, referred to in the specialty literature as maximum likelihood method or probabilistic classification, and based on the use of probability theory (function Gaussian) to compare the spectral values of each pixel in hand with statistical " fingerprint "of each area of interest. Practically, conditional probabilities were calculated of belonging to one class or another. The points in the middle of the group have a higher probability of belonging to the certain class, probability intervals (concentric isolines or contours of equal probability) being delimited graphically by izocontours expressing spectral variations within each set of training.

In a common understanding, tailings dumps are represented as categories of engineering constructions where mined underground rocks are stored together with the useful rock represented by underground coal. And the position of tailings dumps, ordinarily, is on the land around the mining operations. For their location, land is chosen that determines the minimum impact on the environment and requires some of the lowest waste disposal costs. Considering that our world is in a continuous ascension, new techniques and methods are present in many fields of engineering, presenting themselves as a modern approach to the conservation, and the greening of the affected areas. In order for greening to be found in the main purpose of the study, it is necessary to arrange, geometrize, weed, and forest the storage area on the studied surface of 3.68 ha. Thus, for better coordination of the works, for aerial determinations a UAV type equipment, namely a Phantom 4 drone, and for ground determinations of the outline of the tailings dump and reference points, a GPS equipment, model Leica GS08, RTK method was used. Such a combination between satellite and photogrammetric methods; led to the creation of a 3D model as true to reality as possible that will be fundamental in the process of afforestation of the tailings dump.