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Rotschopf: Hydrophile oberflächengebundene Polymerbürsten (siehe Bild) mit hohem Molekulargewicht und hoher Pfropfdichte verursachen ein reversibles Biegen und Dehnen weicher Polymerträger auf der Makroskala. Die Formänderung des Trägers wird durch Reaktion auf verschiedene Reize wie Feuchtigkeit, Temperatur und pH‐Wert gesteuert.

Objective: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis of the lower extremities. Almost 5% of patients with PAD progress to the advanced stage, critical limb ischemia (CLI). Patients with CLI are at a significant risk of major limb amputation and death. Therefore, there is an immense requirement for the early diagnosis and management of CLI. Several studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding ribonucleic acids, can be used as biomarkers of chronic diseases, such as heart failure and diabetes. We hypothesize that miRNA can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for PAD and CLI.Methods: To address our objectives, we built a biobank of 1200 PAD and non-PAD patients. We stratified patients on the basis of their clinical history, claudication distance, and ankle-brachial index into non-PAD, moderate PAD, severe PAD, and CLI. In each group, 20 patients were matched by their age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. For each group, we purified and sequenced the circulating plasma miRNA using miRNA columns and next-generation RNA sequencing. While comparing non-PAD with PAD patients, we considered miRNA with a P value of < .05 and at least 1.5-fold change as significantly expressed miRNA.Results: We identified 876 miRNAs in plasma. Of these, 46 miRNAs are differentially expressed (19 miRNAs are upregulated and 27 are downregulated) in PAD patients relative to non-PAD patients. After searching existing miRNA databases, we identified 16 novel miRNAs that are associated only with PAD. Our in-depth analysis identified hsa-miR-3909 and hsa-miR-483-5p as potential markers for CLI.Conclusions: For the first time, we identified novel and known miRNAs that can be used as biomarkers for CLI. Future studies looking at the gene targets of these miRNAs are currently being investigated at our laboratory.

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