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Carbohydrate ingestion and level of concentric versus eccentric muscle activity may alter exercise-induced health benefits for individuals who have high waist circumference as a metabolic risk factor. The purpose of this study was to determine whether metabolic and inflammation responses to an exercise recovery meal differ between women with lower (Lo-WC, <80 cm) compared with higher (Hi-WC) waist circumference when the exercise is primarily concentric (uphill walking; UPHILL) versus primarily eccentric (downhill walking; DOWNHILL). Recreationally active women (age, 18-39 years; body mass index, 19-35.4 m·kg; Lo-WC, n = 13; Hi-WC, n = 10) completed UPHILL, DOWNHILL, and resting (CONTROL) conditions followed 30 min later by a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) with carbohydrates to protein ratio of 4:1, and blood glucose, insulin, and inflammation markers were compared across conditions. Compared with Lo-WC, the Hi-WC group had higher (p < 0.05) (i) insulin during the MMTT in CONTROL (mean ± SE; 48.5 ± 8.2 vs 22.9 ± 2.8 pmol·L), (ii) baseline (0.7 ± 0.4 vs 2.0 ± 1.7 pg·mL) interleukin-6 (IL-6), and (iii) IL-6 responses 8 h after UPHILL and CONTROL. Both groups had (i) increases in IL-6 at 0 h after UPHILL and at 8 h after DOWNHILL, and (ii) lower glycemic responses in UPHILL. Women with Hi-WC had higher IL-6 at rest and delayed increases in IL-6 after a high-carbohydrate meal in all conditions. This is consistent with an inflammation response to the meal and or uphill walking exercise. However, both concentrically and eccentrically biased exercises offered benefits to insulin responses to a high carbohydrate meal for Hi-WC.

1 Employing rat femoral head cartilage implanted in a 6 day old mouse air pouch, the effects of inflammatory stimuli (i.e. cotton pellets, carrageenan, zymosan) on the loss of proteoglycan and collagen and granuloma formation have been studied. 2 Wrapping of the cartilage in cotton resulted in granuloma formation with accelerated loss of proteoglycan and collagen over the 14 day implantation period. The amount of loss increased with increasing weight of cotton. 3 The effects of different classes of anti-rheumatic drugs on granuloma formation and proteoglycan and collagen loss from cotton wrapped femoral head cartilage in the mouse air pouch have been studied. 4 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) had no influence on granuloma formation, but in general accelerated the rates of proteoglycan and collagen loss. 5 Dexamethasone and prednisolone significantly reduced granuloma formation and had a marked protective effect on cartilage breakdown. 6 Of the slow acting anti-rheumatic drugs examined, only gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) and dapsone significantly decreased cartilage loss, with an accompanying modest decrease in granuloma formation. 7 The immunosuppressants cyclophosphamide and methotrexate, but not azathioprine, reduced cartilage degradation, but had no effect on granuloma formation. 8 The results for the different classes of anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drugs are discussed in relation to their effects in other animal models and their reported therapeutic activities in man. It is concluded that the mouse air pouch method as described offers advantages as an animal model over existing procedures to predict therapeutic efficacy in man.

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