Kulon Progo Mountain, located west of Yogyakarta, is known as a unique morphological expression of an elongated dome frequently called "oblong dome". The structural elements occurring in Kulon Progo Mountain were predominated by a radial pattern. Applying a quantitative method to measure various morphometric elements however, revealed that the regional geotectonic pattern apparently controlled the development of Kulon Progo Mountain. A general picture of the tectonics showed that the mountain building of Kulon Progo was not solely predominated by a vertical undation force; instead it was closely related to the general geotectonics operating in the area. The macro morphological analysis using various types of satellite imageries augmented with field visits unraveled three regional tectonic stages controlled the development of Kulon Progo Mountain. Those are Meratus, Sunda, and Java trends, operating in SW-NE, NNW-SSE, and E-W directions respectively.

Gajahmungkur is a Tertiary paleovolcano located in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java. The volcanic product of this volcano are widely distributed and composed of important elements of the stratigraphic sequence in the Southern Mountain area. The volcanic products so far have been simply classified as "Old Andesite Formation" which apparently is not in line with the stratigraphic code and the Indonesian Stratigraphic Code. The description of paleovolcano therefore might contribute to the revision of the "Old Andesite Formation". The evolution of Gajahmungkur paleovolcano commenced with the formation of a submarine volcano, and then at the second phase a composite volcano emerged above sea level forming a volcano island. The third phase was the self destruction resulting in a formation of a caldera. Pumiceous components dominated the products. At the fourth phase, the activities began to decline producing more basaltic rocks. The statistical analysis of the interrelation between various physical properties of the clastic rocks leads to the identification of volcanic facies and the location of the paleovolcano vent.