Chemical carbon level control is considered to be one of the simplest, cheapest and the most effective methods of optimizing fuel combustion. Standardized balance boiler's tests show that maximum efficiency can be mentioned with highly noticeable chemical underburn responding to concentration of carbon monoxide 0.02-0.03% vol. (200-300 ppm). In addition, nitrogen oxide, which originates in maximum temperature (with lack of underburn), is 35 times more toxic than carbon monoxide. It can be supposed that defining the permissible level of chemical underburn is a typical optimizing issue due to minimize the destination function. To simplify and unify the issue, ecological and economical fuel combustion criteria were proposed as well as general energy-ecology criterion, which is simultaneously the searched destination function. Results of such research on boilers have shown that optimum combustion operation takes place within carbon monoxide concentration of 234-379 mg/m 3 , oxygen 4.11-4.24% vol. and air pressure 80-81 daPa.

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований тепловлажностного состояния наружных стен зданий при программном регулировании систем отопления и вентиляции. Контролируемое снижение температуры в зданиях с непостоянным пребыванием людей позволяет значительно снизить потребление энергии и обеспечивает существенную экономию эксплуатационных затрат. Описана экспериментальная установка и методика исследований. Определены показатели количества энергии, которая может быть сэкономлена в рабочие и выходные дни. Доказано, что нестационарное управление климатом в отапливаемых помещениях не приводит к существенным колебаниям температуры в ограждающих конструкциях, особенно в случае применения наружного утепления. Ключевые слова: отопление, программное регулирование, внутренний климат, эксплуатационные затраты, экономия. The paper presents the results of experimental research of the hydrothermal condition of external walls of buildings during the scheduled regulation of heating and ventilation systems. The controlled reduction of temperature in the buildings with a non-permanent stay of people makes it possible to considerably decrease the energy consumption and provides significant savings of operational costs. An experimental installation and methodology of research are described. Indicators of energy, which can be saved in working days and at weekend, are defined. It is proven that non-stationary climate control in the heated premises does not lead to any essential fluctuations of temperature in the enclosing constructions, especially in case of applying the outer insulation.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract