Aim. To analyze the prevalence and role of comorbidities in variety of clinical manifestations in patients with congenital occipital hypoplasia - «overcroded posterior cranial fossa» syndrome. Methods. Clinical history and physical examination of 200 patients (aged 16-74 years, males 108, females 92) with «overcrowded posterior cranial fossa» syndrome, including 134 with cerebellar ectopia, 92 with syringomyelia, 24 with hydrocephalus, were analyzed. Results. The diseases identified in patients with «overcrowded posterior cranial fossa» syndrome were combined into six groups: cardiovascular diseases (n=120; 60.0%), infectious and inflammatory diseases (n=39; 19.5%), gastrointestinal diseases (n=37; 18.5%), metabolic and endocrine diseases (n=31; 15.5%), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (including cervical vertebral stenosis (n=53; 26.5%), scoliosis (n=50; 25.0%), arthropathies (n=21; 10.5%), other diseases and pathological conditions (including mild traumatic brain injury (n=74; 37.0%), seizures (n=13; 6.5%). In patients with «overcrowded posterior cranial fossa» syndrome the prevalence of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal diseases, traumatic brain injury, obesity, primary or secondary cervical vertebral stenosis was significantly higher (p 0.05) compared to general population. In patients with syringomyelia a higher rate (p0.05) of scoliosis and traumatic brain injury was revealed. Conclusion. The prevalence of comorbidities in patients with «overcrowded posterior cranial fossa» syndrome was higher compared to general population. The differences of the type and rate of the concomitant diseases in patients with various forms of the syndrome may contribute to the variety of clinical manifestations of «overcrowded posterior cranial fossa» syndrome.

Classical descriptions of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) have been known since the early 19th century and are based on autopsy data. Focal neurological symptoms, seizures, and coma were considered typical clinical manifestations of CVT. Progress in the development of neuroimaging technology has contributed to the expansion of ideas about the etiology, pathogenesis, spectrum of clinical manifestations and the course of this disease. Currently, the most urgent are the problems of early diagnosis and effective therapy of CVT.

Development of methods for early diagnosis of diseases, prediction of the course of pathological processes are among the priority areas in medicine. Studies of cellular ion-transport systems turned out to be promising for solving these problems. Thus, it was established [46] that for a number of diseases some types of epilepsy, migraine, episodic ataxia, periodic paralysis channelopathies are the primary link in pathogenesis, and in the treatment of these diseases, agents stabilizing the operation of ion channels are effective.

Cerebral vasculitis (CV) is a severe, potentially disabling disease that usually develops in the presence of rheumatic, infectious, medicinal, or malignant diseases. In rare cases, isolated (primary) vasculitis of the central nervous system (CNS) is observed [17, 33]. The complex pathogenesis, polymorphism of clinical manifestations, and the absence in most cases of reliable non-invasive diagnostic criteria for CV complicate early diagnosis and treatment. In this regard, it seems relevant to analyze the features of clinical manifestations and diagnostic capabilities in cerebrovascular pathology caused by vasculitis.

It had been performed a correlation of clinical and MRI characteristics of hypertonic angioencellopathy of cronical forms in men and women. It was done for the purpose of investigating sexual factor significance in cerebrovascular pathology. 50 men and 35 women who had clinical manifestations of discirculatory encephalopathy have been examined. It was revealed that in men paresis development is manly determined by total volume of brain substance lesion and by presence of large cortical-subcortical infactions, striocapsular infarctions and edge-zone infarctions; in women cognitive disorders are determined by total volume of brain substance. Diffuse forms are spread in men with accompanying ischemic heart disease, in women with prolonged arterial hypertension and with high level of arterial pressure. Ischemic heart disease in women is a result of the disease focal form.