Copper nanoparticles received much attention due to its high electrical conductivity, high melting point, low electrochemical migration behavior and low cost. Top down (physical methods) and bottom up (chemical and biological) approaches adopted for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles are reported. The property of copper nanoparticles mainly depends on the synthesis route and their process parameters. The influence of process parameters on the morphology, growth and yield of the nanoparticles by adopting various synthesis methods are discussed in detail. From the earlier reports, it is proved that electrochemical and chemical reduction method have received much higher attention due to their simple operation, low cost, faster reaction rate, high yield, environment friendly and low energy consumption. The characterization techniques, advantages and limitations of each synthesis methods are also discussed. The extensive applications of copper nanoparticles in various fields are also highlighted.

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