The combination of EUS and MRCP, when performed later after idiopathic acute pancreatitis, revealed 50 % of etiologies. The association of these two procedures and the subsequent follow-up reduced the rate of idiopathic pancreatitis by ~66 %.

We have studied maintenance and recovery profiles after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane, desflurane and isoflurane in 100 patients undergoing pulmonary surgery. End-tidal concentrations of anaesthetic required to maintain mean arterial pressure and heart rate within 20% of baseline values were 1.4 +/- 0.6% for sevoflurane, 3.4 +/- 0.9% for desflurane and 0.7 +/- 0.3% for isoflurane. The three anaesthetics had comparable haemodynamic effects and arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation. Emergence was twice as fast with desflurane than with sevoflurane or isoflurane (mean times to extubation: 8.9 (SD 5.0) min, 18.0 (17.0) min and 16.2 (11.0) min for desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane, respectively). Early recovery (Aldrete score, cognitive and psychomotor functions) was also more rapid after desflurane. In pulmonary surgery, desflurane, but not sevoflurane, allowed more rapid emergence and earlier recovery than isoflurane.

Our long-term clinical and imaging follow-up indicated that none of the patients with BD-IPMNs developed malignancy. Therefore, BD-IPMNs with no signs of malignancy should be managed conservatively. We propose that following a 2-year patient follow-up, biannual imaging follow-ups could be sufficient.

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