The unit pressure in the fine-grained material consolidation process in the roller press can reach over hundred MPa and is a parameter which results, among other things, from the properties of the consolidated material and the compaction unit geometry. Its value changes depending on the place on the molding surface. Generating different pressure on the surface of briquettes makes their compaction different. One’s own and other researchers’ experience shows that, in the case of exerting high pressure on the merged fine-grained material, the higher unit pressure exerted on the material, the higher temperature of the consolidated material is. The temperature distribution on the surface of the briquettes can testify the locally exerted pressure on the briquette. The stress distribution in the briquetting material is still a subject of research. The article includes thermography studies of the briquetting process of four material mixtures. Thermal images of briquettes were taken immediately after they left the compaction zone as well as forming rollers. The obtained thermograms and temperature variability at characteristic points of the surface of briquettes were analyzed. The correlation between the temperature distribution and the stress distribution in the briquettes was determined.

The work presents the research on the influence of driver's working environment on thermical changes in their organism. The experiment was conducted between 24 and 31 March 2008 in the tram depot of Public Transport Agency in Tychy. Thermo-visual photos were conducted twice a day -before starting work and after finishing it during six following days. The group consisted of 14 drivers aged 24-49 driving city buses (the make: Solaris Urbino 18). The results were analyzed concerning statistics using Statistica. For the sake of the analysis the significance level was p = 0.05, the non-parametric Wilcoxon test or parametric T -test were used for two groups of dependent variables. The research and analysis show that driver's working environment has valid influence on thermical changes in their organism.

When the briquetting process of fine-grained material takes place in the roller press unit, the pressure reached is over a hundred megapascals. This parameter is a result, among other factors, of the geometry of a compaction unit and also the properties of the consolidated material. The pressure of the unit is not constant and the changes in value depend on a given place on the molding surface. By the process of generating different types of pressure on the surface of briquettes, their compaction is different as well. The distribution of temperature on the surface of the briquettes may determine the pressure used locally on them. Nevertheless, the distribution of stress in the briquetting material is still a subject of scientific study. However, it is known that the pressure exerted on the briquette is different for different compaction systems. The article includes authors’ further thermography studies on the classical pillow-shaped briquetting process (instead of the saddle-shaped ones that were previously conducted) of four materials (calcium hydroxide and water mixture, mill scale, charcoal fines and starch mixture, as well as a mixture of EAFD, scale, fine coke breeze, molasses, and calcium hydroxide). Immediately after the briquettes left the compaction zone, thermal images were taken of them, as well as forming rollers. Thermograms that were obtained and the variability of temperature at characteristic points of the surface of pillow-shaped briquettes were analyzed. They showed differences in temperature on the surface of briquettes. In all four cases, the highest briquette temperatures were recorded in their upper part, which proves their better densification in this part. The temperature differences between the lower and upper part of the briquettes ranged from 1.8 to 9.7 °C, depending on the mixture.

The work presents the research and analysis of the inuence of low temperatures on selected physiological parameters of a human being. The research was conducted in the 20th Military Healing and Rehabilitation Hospital SPZOZ in Krynica-Zdrój, Poland. Systematic cryotherapy is a procedure during which the whole body, including the head, is exposed to very low temperature (about −110 • C) in a short time (no more than 3 min). The procedure is of a stressful nature; the exposure of almost naked body to a temperature not met in human natural environment causes a sudden mobilization of all the organism defence forces which is used in treatment, sport training and biological renewal. The reaction to extreme cold takes form of a short contraction which is followed by long-lasting a few hours dilatation of skin blood vessels. It is accompanied by analgesic and anti-inammatory eect, relaxation of bronchi muscles, tendency to decrease oedemas and exudates, increase in immunity and mood, including even the euphoria feeling. The research included 20 people after having signed the agreement and excluding any contraindications. The research was carried on following the criteria of the estimate of research reliability according to Jadad randomisation. Every day, during 14 weekdays, after and before the procedure (3 min stay in a cryochamber, t = −110 • C) the measurement of selected parameters were taken, such as: systolic and diastolic pressure, pulse, temperature in aural canal, body mass, fatty tissue and changes of outer body temperatures (thermo-vision analysis). On the basis of the results and conducted analysis one can state that systemic cryotherapy causes the following changes: statistically signicant increase of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, fatty tissue, signicant drop of pulse, deep temperature in aural canal and outer body temperature in analysed thermograms. The results were developed statistically using standard methods in accordance with algorithms of statistical inference. The aim of the work is the research on how a short-term exposure to cold changes the outside temperature of the front of a body, and answer to the question if the limb heat the left and right side reacts to heat identically. The work introduces biophysical research of the inuence of low temperatures on thermodynamic changes in a human being. The results presented are not often met in specialist literature.

The work presents the research and analysis concerning general low frequency vibration and its eect on energy balance of a human organism (a comparison with a control group). The research was conducted in two phases: a group exposed to vibration and a control group. An exposed group (28 participants) took part in 19 training sessions, each lasting 20 min, of low frequency vibration (around 3.2 Hz in standing position) applied to each participant at xed time of the day. Before and after the session, the thermographic images were taken and deep temperature was taken too. The control group (33 participants) also took part in 19 everyday 20min sessions with no vibrations and only measurements conducted. The results were analysed concerning statistics using Statistica. For the sake of the analysis the signicance level was p = 0.05, the parametric T test, and the non-parametric KoªmogorowSmirnow tests were used for two groups of independent variables. Having conducted the research and analysis, one can state that 20min exposure to low frequency vibration results in signicant positive changes in chosen parameters.