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This paper presents the results of development of ecological low-waste “dry” fluoride technology of magnetic material production on the basis of rare-earth metals of the Nd-Fe-B-system. The physicochemical fundamentals are stated and the basic stages of the proposed technology are experimentally examined: the fluorination of raw material with elemental fluorine, the production of compact ingot alloys and addition alloys by the calcium-thermal out-of-furnace reduction of fluorides, the production of magnets with the help of the powder metallurgy method using mechanical or hydride grinding, as well as waste processing.

Due to their unique properties, rare-earth elements (REEs) are used in many areas of advanced high-tech industries. One of the most important sources of REEs is phosphorus-containing ores and concentrates, in particular monazite and apatite concentrates. Although a number of monazite processing methods are commercially used, they have some limitations. That is why the extensive research efforts are underway to develop new methods for recovery of REEs from monazite. This paper presents the research results for nitric-acid pressure decomposition of phosphorus-containing concentrate from the unique man-made deposit and demonstrates that this method is feasible in principle.

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