We compared differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells originating from human bone marrow, fatty tissue, thymus, placenta, and skin. The cells were characterized by differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Mesenchymal stem cells from different sources exhibited different differentiation potential, manifesting by the rate of differentiation and percentage of differentiated cells. Presumably, differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues can differ due to the presence of progenitor cells of different types.

We studied umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells and compared mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, and skin. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells were characterized morphologically, cytofluorometrically, and by their differentiation potential. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells did not differ from cells isolated from adipose tissue and skin by the main parameters (by morphology, expression of surface markers, and differentiation potential). A specific feature of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells is their low count per volume of the initial material and very low proliferative activity.

We studied the possibility of long-term culturing of mouse mesenchymal stem cells on a porous scaffold made of biocompatible polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate. The cells remained viable for at least 2 months and passed more than 65 population doublings in culture. Culturing on the scaffold did not change surface phenotype of cells. 3D poly-3-hydroxybutyrate scaffolds are appropriate substrate for long-term culturing of mesenchymal stem cells.

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