Continuous casting of steel imposes extremely severe conditions on the service of refractories including thermal shock (400-1520~ for several tens of seconds), the corrosive action of aggressive slags, erosion of the refractory under the influence of molten metal, and the impact action of the steel stream on the bottom of the submerged steel teeming noz-Recently, a number of authors [1][2][3][4][5][6] have spoken of the promise of the use in continuous billet casting machines of graphite-containing and especially of corundum-graphite refractories. This is the result of their high thermal, slag, and metal resistance.The extreme service conditions in a continuous billet casting machine and the use of aggressive slags at high pouring temperatures makes it necessary to search for more effective binders for corundum--graphite refractories.

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action products over which the condition of Eq. (8) will be met are shown in Fig. i below the appropriate curves. We assume here that the composition of the melt is virtually unchanged.

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