Цель: выявить влияние погодных факторов на урожайность и содержание белка в зерне ярового ячменя в условиях Приазовской зоны Ростовской области. Материалы и методы: исследования проводились в Аксайском районе Ростовской области на опытном поле ФГБНУ ФРАНЦ. Объекты исследований-урожайность и содержание белка в зерне ярового ячменя, возделываемого в звене севооборота горох-озимая пшеницаяровой ячмень. Закладка опытов, проведение учетов и математическая обработка полученных данных проводились согласно методике полевого опыта Б. А. Доспехова. Определение гидротермического коэффициента осуществлялось согласно методике Г. Т. Селянинова. Результаты. В результате проведения исследований установлено наличие сильной положительной связи между величиной получаемой урожайности и внесением удобрений. Коэффициент корреляции по годам исследований колебался в пределах 0,70-0,88. Установлено, что вне зависимости от влагообеспеченности посевы ярового ячменя формируют наибольшую урожайность при внесении полного минерального удобрения N30Р60K150. Максимальное содержание белка в зерне изучаемой культуры в острозасушливые годы формировалось при внесении N30P60 (в среднем составив 13,4 %), в засушливые в варианте N30 (11,9 %), а в слабозасушливые при использовании P60 (11,4 %). Проведенный корреляционно-регрессионный анализ показал наличие средней и сильной отрицательной связи между гидротермическим коэффициентом, суммой осадков в период вегетации и содержанием белка в зерне ячменя. Выводы: в условиях Приазовской зоны Ростовской области внесение удобрений помогает снижать негативное действие гидротермических условий вегетационного периода, что особенно актуально в годы с недостаточным количеством осадков и высокой температурой воздуха, и обеспечить формирование максимально возможного при данных условиях урожая. Для получения стабильных урожаев ярового ячменя необходимо вносить полное минеральное удобрение в дозе N30P60K150. Ключевые слова: гидротермический коэффициент; яровой ячмень; урожайность; содержание белка; минеральные удобрения.

Purpose: to reveal the influence of mineral fertilizers and hydrothermal conditions of the growing season on the yield and protein content in the spring wheat grain. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in Aksai district of Rostov region on the experimental field of Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center (FRANTS). The objects of research are the yield and protein content in spring wheat grain, as well as the dose of mineral fertilizers. Testing, accounting and mathematical processing of the data obtained were carried out according to B. A. Dospekhov. Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the application of mineral fertilizers leads to a significant increase in the yield of spring wheat, regardless of the moisture supply of the growing season, the maximum increase was obtained with the introduction of N60P30K60. The application of mineral fertilizers leads not only to an increase in yield, but also to an increase in its dependence on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. Data analysis using a multiple correlation coefficient showed that in the variants with the mineral fertilizers application there was a close direct relationship between the yield, SCC and the amount of precipitation (r = 0.79...0.88 according to the variants of the experiment), while in the control variant it was average in terms of influence (r = 0.63...0.64). The accumulation of protein in spring wheat grain is influenced by the combined effect of the meteorological conditions of the growing season and the mineral fertilizers used. The maximum effect of the SCC and the amount of precipitation that fell during the growing season on the protein content in wheat grain was obtained with the introduction of K60 (the parameter was 53.7 and 51.8 %, respectively). Conclusions. The application of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat and regulate the protein content in grain, reducing the influence of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The best results were obtained with the introduction of N60P30K60, which makes it possible to reduce the negative effect of meteorological conditions and increase the yield by 9.3–92.8 % in comparison with the control variant.

The article shows that the productivity of spring wheat is determined by the total effect of a set of conditions, each of which affects the amount of products obtained. As a result of the research, it was found that the yield of spring wheat directly depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The key factor affecting the increase in the productivity of crops when using mineral fertilizers is the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The use of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat, reducing the negative effect of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. So, when N60P30K60 was introduced, the yield increase in different climatic conditions of the research years was 9, 3 … 92, 8%. It was also found that the reproductive function of durum spring wheat is characterized by the fact that the total number of caryopses of a shoot spike and their total weight are in close proportional dependence on the value of its vegetative mass. In this case, the value of the grain-straw ratio is a consequence of the proportional dependence of the reproductive elements of the shoot (acceptors) of wheat on the size of its vegetative (donors) organs.

Purpose: to reveal the efficiency of the Donskaya variety lentils cultivation on ordinary chernozem at different seeding rates and doses of mineral fertilizers. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in Aksai district Rostov region on the experimental field of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre” (FSBSI FRARC). The objects of research are the yield and protein content in lentil grain, depending on the seeding rate and the mineral fertilizers dose. The experiments setting, recording and mathematical processing of the data obtained were carried out according to B. A. Dospekhov. Results. It has been found that the yield of Donskaya lentils is significantly influenced by both mineral fertilizers and changes in sowing rates. The maximum yield was obtained at sowing seeds at a rate of 2.2 million pcs/ha, while the plant stand and the feeding area were optimal for development. The maximum yield increase was obtained in the N20P40 variant, amounting to 0.55 t/ha. As the seeding rate increases, the protein content in the lentil grain decreases. The application of mineral fertilizers leads to a significant increase in the protein content at all studied seeding rates. The combined use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers leads to an increase in protein content compared to the application of only phosphorus fertilizers. Calculation of the agrochemical efficiency of the applied fertilizers showed that the highest payback of lentils at rates of 2.2 and 2.8 million pcs/ha was obtained with the introduction of 20 kg of active agent of phosphorus, amounting to 1.5 and 11.5 kg/kg active agent respectively. When sowing at a rate of 1.6 million pcs/ha, the maximum payback was obtained with the introduction of 40 kg active agent of phosphorus. Conclusion. It was found that it is economically efficient to cultivate lentils when sowing seeds at a rate of 2.2 million pcs/ha with the introduction of 20 kg of active agent of nitrogen and 40 kg active agent of phosphorus, this allows you to get the maximum net income (44.3 thousand rubles/ha) and payback of direct costs (3.1 rubles) with the lowest cost of grain produced (9.6 thousand rubles/ton).

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