(1) Purpose: Improving the treatment effectiveness of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix associated with human papillomavirus infection, based on the application of the method of photodynamic therapy with simultaneous laser excitation of fluorescence to clarify the boundaries of cervical neoplasms. (2) Methods: Examination and treatment of 52 patients aged 22 to 53 years with morphologically and cytologically confirmed mild to severe intraepithelial cervix neoplasia, preinvasive, micro-invasive, and squamous cell cervix carcinoma. All patients were carriers of human papillomavirus infection. The patients underwent photodynamic therapy with simultaneous laser excitation of fluorescence. The combined use of video and spectral fluorescence diagnostics for cervical neoplasms made it possible to control the photodynamic therapy process at all stages of the procedure. Evaluation of the photodynamic therapy of intraepithelial cervical neoplasms was carried out with colposcopic examination, cytological conclusion, and morphological verification of the biopsy material after the photodynamic therapy course. The success of human papillomavirus therapy was assessed based on the results of the polymerase chain reaction. (3) Results. The possibility of simultaneous spectral fluorescence diagnostics and photodynamic therapy using a laser source with a wavelength of 660 nm has been established, making it possible to assess the fluorescence index in real-time and control the photobleaching of photosensitizers in the irradiated area. The treatment of all 52 patients was successful after the first photodynamic therapy procedure. According to the PCR test of the discharge from the cervical canal, the previously identified HPV types were not observed in 48 patients. Previously identified HPV types were absent after repeated PDT in four patients (CIN III (n = 2), CIS (n = 2)). In 80.8% of patients, regression of the lesion was noted. (4) Conclusions. The high efficiency of photodynamic therapy with intravenous photosensitizer administration of chlorin e6 has been demonstrated both in relation to eradication therapy of human papillomavirus and in relation to the treatment of intraepithelial lesions of the cervix.

The paper presents the results of literature data analysis on the main directions of precancerous diseases of the cervix uteri and cervical cancer treatment. Side effects following surgery or radiation treatment can lead to structural deformities, scarring, hyperpigmentation, systemic side effects, and destruction of normal tissue. In addition, the use of traditional methods of treatment can cause multidrug resistance, which will lead to ineffective treatment and the development of a relapse of the disease. To avoid toxicity and reduce side effects, alternative treatment strategies have been proposed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising organ-preserving highly selective method for treating cervical neoplasia, which includes two stages: the introduction of a photosensitizer and local exposure to directed light radiation. A number of studies have demonstrated the high clinical efficacy of this method in the treatment of patients with cervical neoplasia and carriage of human papillomavirus infection without adverse consequences for fertility. The use of PDT contributes to the successful outcome of the treatment of pathological foci on the mucous membrane of the cervix, the effectiveness and safety of the method is ensured by the selective effect on tissues. In the course of treatment, normal surrounding tissues are not damaged, there is no gross scarring and stenosis of the cervical canal, thereby PDT allows maintaining the normal anatomical and functional characteristics of the cervix.

Objective. To improve the efficacy of therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection using phototheranostics. Patients and methods. This study included 52 patients aged 22 to 53 years with morphologically confirmed diagnoses of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of varying degrees, preinvasive, microinvasive and squamous cell cervical carcinomas. All women were carriers of HPV infection. Therapy control and HPV elimination were assessed by the results of polymerase chain reaction. Patients underwent photodynamic therapy (PDT) with simultaneous laser-induced fluorescence. Spectral fluorescence diagnostics of cervical neoplasms provided control of PDT at all stages of the procedure. The results of treatment were evaluated by extended colposcopy, cytological and histological examinations of biopsy material. Results. Treatment was found to be clinically effective, with 80.8% of patients showing regression of cervical lesions. Previously identified HPV types were not observed in 48 patients after the first PDT procedure, in 4 patients – after the second procedure. There was also a significant decrease in the expression of Ki67 and p16 markers in the cervical epithelium after PDT. Conclusion. The high clinical efficacy of phototheranostics, including PDT with the use of video and spectral fluorescence diagnostics, was shown both in terms of HPV elimination and treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesions. Key words: human papillomavirus, photodynamic therapy, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, preinvasive cancer, cervical cancer, fluorescence diagnostics, photosensitizers

Introduction. Prolapse of pelvic organs is a polyethological disease, manifested by the displacement of the uterus and the walls of the vagina to the vulvar ring or out of it. At the base of this pathology, there is the functional inconsistency of the ligament apparatus of internal genital organs and pelvic floor musclesoccurring due to the impact of various physical, genetic, psychological, age, hormonal, iatrogenic etiological factors. Prolapse of the pelvic organs is an actual problem due to the high incidence of both reproductive and elderly women. This article considers the effectiveness of criteria for selection patients with different degrees of prolapse of the genitals for the implementation of surgical correction in conditions of the gynecological department of the municipal maternity hospital. Material and methods. The sample included patients with initial, post-hysterectomic, recurrent anterior and apical prolapse of the genitalia of II-IV degree according to POP-Q classification in the age cohort of 45-70 years who do not have systemic diseases, or with a compensated systemic disease that does not introduce significant limitations in physical and social activity. Depending on the severity of pelvic prolapse, patients underwent various types of surgical treatment. In 5 patients with incomplete uterine prolapse, there was performed laparoscopic extraperitoneal ligature hysterosuspension and vaginal wall plasty using reticular implants, and in the 1 patient with the complete prolapse of the uterus, there was made the vaginal extirpation of the uterus with extraperitoneal colposuspension vaginal walls plasty using a reticular implant. Women with adjacent gynecological pathology (24 patients) underwent laparoscopic (22) and laparotomic (2) operations for the main disease and the plasty of the vaginal walls (including 19 patients using reticular implants). In one case, a patient with elongation of the cervix and the lowering of the anterior wall of the vagina there was performed a modification of the Manchester operation using a reticular implant. In 3 patients with the isolated prolapse of the anterior wall of the vagina, the vaginal wall plasty was made with the installation of a reticular implant. Results. After the surgical interventions, no intraoperative, as well as early or late postoperative complications were noted. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the performed surgical treatment according to follow up in the period of from 12 months to 5 years, revealed 1 case of the recurrence of the disease in the form of cervical stump prolapse in a 58-year-old patient managed with succeed promonofixation of the cervical stump with a reticular implant. Conclusion. The high anatomical (94.4%) and functional (96.8%) efficacy of the surgical treatment of the prolapse of pelvic organs allow judging the persuasiveness of selection criteria for surgical correction of the genital prolapse in conditions of the gynecological department of the maternity hospital.